Hooker Jim (c. 1851–1879), or Hooka Jim, was a

Modoc Modoc may refer to: Ethnic groups *Modoc people, a Native American/First Nations people ** Modoc language ** Modoc Nation, a federally recognized tribe of Modoc * Modoc War, the last armed resistance of the Modoc people in 1873 *The "Modocs", ri ...

warrior who played a pivotal role in the

Modoc War The Modoc War, or the Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native Americans in the United States, Native American Modoc people and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern ...

. Hooker Jim was the son-in-law of tribal

medicine man A medicine man (from Ojibwe ''mashkikiiwinini'') or medicine woman (from Ojibwe ''mashkikiiwininiikwe'') is a traditional healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the Americas. Each culture has its own name i ...

Curley Headed Doctor Curley Headed Doctor (Modoc language, Modoc: ''Cho-ocks'', 1828 — 1890; also Curly-Headed Doctor) was the spiritual leader for the Modoc people, Modoc tribe, notably during the Modoc War. __NOTOC__ Background Curley Headed Doctor was Modoc from ...

. After white settlers massacred Modoc women and children contemporaneously with the

Battle of Lost River A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force c ...

, Hooker Jim led a group of Modocs overland to

Captain Jack's Stronghold Captain Jack's Stronghold was a holdout of the Modoc people that is located between Tulelake and Canby, California. The stronghold, which is now part of Lava Beds National Monument, is named for Native American chief Kintpuash who was also kn ...

. Dee Brown,

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee ''Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West'' is a 1970 non-fiction book by American writer Dee Brown. It explores the history of American expansionism in the American West in the late nineteenth century and its de ...

(Picador 2007). During their march, Hooker Jim and his warriors killed several white settlers in revenge. Captain Jack, the Modoc chief, repeatedly refused to hand Hooker Jim and the other Modocs who had killed the settlers over to white authorities. Hooker Jim then coerced Captain Jack into murdering General

Edward Canby Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (November 9, 1817 – April 11, 1873) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War. He served as a military governor after the war. In 1861–1862, Canby commanded the Depart ...

at a peace council. Soon after, as the Army invaded the Lava Beds where Captain Jack had taken refuge, Hooker Jim abandoned Captain Jack and surrendered to the Army. Hooker Jim was part of the "Modoc Bloodhounds" used by the Army to capture Jack. After Captain Jack was finally captured, Hooker Jim testified against his chief in exchange for amnesty. Hooker Jim followed the tribe in exile to

Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...

and died there in 1879.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jim, Hooker 1850s births 1879 deaths Modoc people People of the Modoc War Native American people of the Indian Wars 19th-century Native American people