The hooked squid,

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Onychoteuthidae, currently comprise about 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in six or seven

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

. They range in mature mantle length from to a suggested length of for the largest member, '' Onykia robusta''. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight,

funnel–mantle locking apparatus The funnel–mantle locking apparatus is a structure found in many cephalopods that connects the mantle and hyponome (funnel) and restricts their movement relative to each other.Young, R.E., M. Vecchione & K.M. Mangold (1999)Cephalopoda Glossar ...

, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. It spans an area of approximately and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, ...

, the family is found worldwide.

Species

*Genus '' Onychoteuthis'' Lichtenstein, 1818 **''

Onychoteuthis banksii ''Onychoteuthis banksii'', the common clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus '' Onychoteuthis''. This species was thought to have a worldwide distribution but with the revision of ...

'' ( Leach, 1817) – common clubhook squid **'' Onychoteuthis bergii''* Lichtenstein, 1818 **'' Onychoteuthis mollis''* Appelloef, 1891 **'' Onychoteuthis compacta''

Berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples of berries in the cul ...

, 1913 **'' Onychoteuthis borealijaponica''

Okada Okada (written: 岡田 literally "hill rice-paddy") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese painter * Doris Okada Matsui, American politician of the Democratic Party *, Japanese painter in the Edo period *, Japanese ...

, 1927 – boreal clubhook squid **''

Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica ''Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica'' is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Males become mature at 40 mm, and the species is believed to reach a maximum mantle (mollusc), mantle length of 90 mm, the smallest species in the ge ...

'' Rancurel & Okutani, 1990 **'' Onychoteuthis lacrima'' Bolstad & Seki ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis prolata'' Bolstad, Vecchione & Young ''in'' Bolstad, 2008 **'' Onychoteuthis horstkottei'' Bolstad, 2010 *Genus '' Onykia'' Lesueur, 1821 (includes most species previously placed in ''Moroteuthis'') **Subgenus ''Onykia'' ***'' Onykia carriboea'' Lesueur, 1821 – tropical clubhook squid ***'' Onykia robusta'' ( Verrill, 1876) – robust clubhook squid ***''

Onykia loennbergii ''Onykia loennbergii'', the Japanese hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, named by Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg. It occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, at an estimated depth of 230–1200 m. The mantle le ...

'' (Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914) – Japanese hooked squid ***''

Onykia aequatorialis ''Onykia'' is a genus of squids in the family Onychoteuthidae. Due to similarities between the genera, several recent authors consider the genus ''Moroteuthis'' a junior synonym of ''Onykia''. The type species is ''Onykia carriboea'', the tropica ...

''* Thiele, 1920 ***'' Onykia robsoni'' (

Adam Adam is the name given in Genesis 1–5 to the first human. Adam is the first human-being aware of God, and features as such in various belief systems (including Judaism, Christianity, Gnosticism and Islam). According to Christianity, Adam ...

, 1962) – rugose hooked squid ***'' Onykia indica''* Okutani, 1981 **''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' ***?'' Onykia appelloefi''*

Pfeffer Pfeffer is a German language, German surname meaning "Black pepper, pepper" and may refer to: * Anna Pfeffer (born 1946), Hungarian Olympic medalist sprint canoer * Anshel Pfeffer, British journalist * Anton Pfeffer (born 1965), Austrian football ...

, 1900 *Genus ''

Ancistroteuthis ''Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii'', also known as the angel clubhook squid or simply angel squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae and the sole member of the genus ''Ancistroteuthis''. It grows to a mantle length of 30 c ...

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, 1849 **'' Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii'' ( Ferussac, 1835) – angel clubhook squid or angel squid *Genus ''

Moroteuthopsis ''Moroteuthopsis'' is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is ''Moroteuthopsis ingens''. Prior to 2018, ''Moroteuthopsis'' was considered a subgenus of ''Onykia''; after the mitochondrial DNA of the family Onychoteuthi ...

, 1908 **'' Moroteuthopsis ingens'' (

Smith Smith may refer to: People and fictional characters * Metalsmith, or simply smith, a craftsman fashioning tools or works of art out of various metals * Smith (given name) * Smith (surname), a family name originating in England ** List of people ...

, 1881) – greater hooked squid **'' Moroteuthopsis longimana'' Filippova, 1972 *Genus '' Notonykia'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia africanae'' Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 **'' Notonykia nesisi'' Bolstad, 2007 *Genus '' Filippovia'' Bolstad, 2010 **'' Filippovia knipovitchi'' (Filippova, 1972) – smooth hooked squid *Genus '' Walvisteuthis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis jeremiahi'' Vecchione, Sosnowski &

Young Young may refer to: * Offspring, the product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or more parents * Youth, the time of life when one's age is low, often meaning the time between childhood and adulthood Music * The Young, an America ...

, 2015 **'' Walvisteuthis rancureli'' (Okutani, 1981) **'' Walvisteuthis virilis'' Nesis & Nikitina, 1986 **'' Walvisteuthis youngorum'' (Bolstad, 2010) (*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation

References

*Bolstad, K.S.R. 2008
Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
. Doctoral thesis. *Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). ''Zootaxa'' 2696: 1–186
Preview

External links

Tree of Life: Onychoteuthidae

Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
*Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008
A second species of the squid genus ''Kondakovia'' (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3202623 Oegopsida Taxa named by John Edward Gray