''Homoeomma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of South American

tarantulas Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although ...

that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These

are usually quite small and usually

burrow An Eastern chipmunk at the entrance of its burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of s ...

a few centimeters under a rock or log.

Diagnosis

Males of this genus can be distinguished by the tile-like

apophysis Apophysis may refer to: *A tubercle (bone) *Apophysis (spider) This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids. Links within the glossary are shown . ...

on the base of the

palpal bulb The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often desc ...

, and the

embolus An embolus (; plural emboli; from the Greek ἔμβολος "wedge", "plug") is an unattached mass that travels through the bloodstream and is capable of creating blockages. When an embolus occludes a blood vessel, it is called an embolism or emb ...

being in an obtuse angle, in relation to the bulb. Males also have a flexion of the

metatarsus The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus, are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the med ...

1, which is between the branches of the tibial

. Females can be distinguished by the

spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain othe ...

morphology, which lacks constriction in the apex.

Species

it contains thirteen species, found in South America: *'' Homoeomma brasilianum'' (

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ...

, 1917) –

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

*'' Homoeomma chilense'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

*'' Homoeomma elegans'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) –

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, t ...

*'' Homoeomma familiare'' Bertkau, 1880 – Brazil *'' Homoeomma hirsutum'' ( Mello-Leitão, 1935) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma montanum'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma nigrum'' ( Walckenaer, 1837) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma orellanai'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 – Chile *'' Homoeomma peruvianum'' (Chamberlin, 1916) –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*''

Homoeomma strabo ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small an ...

'' ( Simon, 1892) – Colombia, Brazil *''

Homoeomma stradlingi ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small an ...

'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Brazil *'' Homoeomma uruguayense'' (Mello-Leitão, 1946) –

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

, Argentina *''

Homoeomma villosum ''Homoeomma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Calopelma'', ''Butantania'', and of ''Cyclothoracoides''. These tarantulas are usually quite small ...

'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann ...

, 1891) – Brazil

In synonymy

*''H. bicolor'' Sherwood, Gabriel & Longhorn, 2018 = ''Homoeomma chilense'' Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018 *''H. cyclothorax'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = ''Homoeomma montanum'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) *''H. moreirae'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = ''Homoeomma brasilianum'' (Chamberlin, 1917) *''H. regina'' (Chamberlin, 1917) = ''Homoeomma strabo'' (Simon, 1892) *''H. serratum'' (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1958) = ''Homoeomma uruguayense'' (Mello-Leitão, 1946)

Transferred to other genera

*''Homoeomma alcirae'' Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1954 → ''

Plesiopelma alcirae ''Plesiopelma'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1901. ''Plesiopelma'' species are particularly abundant along mountainous ranges, frequently living under stones. Both males and females ...

'' *''Homoeomma humile'' Vellard, 1924 → ''

Bumba humilis Bumba can refer to: Geography * Bumba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a town on the Congo River * Bumba, a crater on Rhea People * Bumba Da, nickname of Bengali film actor Prasenjit Chatterjee * Claudiu Bumba, a Romanian football player Other ...

'' *''Homoeomma pictum'' (Pocock, 1903) → ''

Anqasha picta ''Anqasha'' is a monotypic genus of Peruvian tarantulas, containing one species, ''Anqasha picta'', first described by Danniella Sherwood and Ray Gabriel in 2022. The type species was initially described under the name ''Hapalopus pictus'' in 1 ...

' *''Homoeomma simoni'' Soares & Camargo, 1948 → ''

Catanduba simoni ''Catanduba'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by F. U. Yamamoto, S. M. Lucas & Antônio Domingos Brescovit in 2012. Species it contains seven species, all found in Brazil: *'' Catanduba araguaia'' Yamamoto, Lucas ...

References

Theraphosidae genera Spiders of South America Taxa named by Anton Ausserer Theraphosidae {{Theraphosidae-stub

Diagnosis

Species

In synonymy

Transferred to other genera

See also

References