Holocaust (resources)

This is a selected bibliography and other resources for The Holocaust, including prominent primary sources, historical studies, notable survivor accounts and autobiographies, as well as other documentation and further hypotheses help to establish the event horizon which remain to be entered into the list.

The Holocaust literature is extensive: The ''Bibliography on Holocaust Literature'' (edited by Abraham Edelheit and Hershel Edelheit) in its 1993 update listed around 20,000 items, including books, journal articles, pamphlets, newspaper stories and dissertations. Conversely, in a 1989 publication, Abraham Foxman, the national director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) from 1987 to 2015, estimated that there were 200 books denying the Holocaust.

Bibliography

Primary sources

* Gemlich letter, 1919
* Mein Kampf, 1925
* Special Prosecution Book-Poland, 1937–1939
* Ringelblum Archive, 1939–1943

Heydrich's Instructions to the Chiefs of the Einsatzgruppen
21 September 1939
* The Black Book, 1940

Goring's Commission to Heydrich
July 31, 1941
* Theresienstadt Papers, 1941–44
* Jäger Report, 1941
* The Polish White Book, 1941
* Einsatzgruppen reports, 1941–1942
* An Account of a Forced Gravedigger, January 1942
* General Plan Ost, June 1942

Himmler's Order'
19 July 1942

Announcement of the Evacuation of the Warsaw Ghetto
22 July 1942

Circular Memorandum of Himmler
9 October 1942
* Grojanowski Report, 1942
* Wilhelm Cornides Report, 1942
* Wannsee Conference, 1942
* Riegner Telegram, 1942
* Protest!, 1942
* Raczyński's Note, 1942
* The Black Book of Poland, 1942
* The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland, 1942
* Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations, 1942
* Stroop Report, 1943
* Korherr Report, 1943
* Katzmann Report, 1943
* Höfle Telegram, 1943
* Posen speeches, 1943
* Witold's Report, 1943
* The Black Book of Polish Jewry, 1943

Individual & Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations
1943
* Auschwitz Protocols, 1944
* Vrba–Wetzler report, 1944
* The Polish Major's Report, 1944
* The Black Book of Soviet Jewry, 1944
* Höcker Album, 1944–45
* Gerstein Report, 1945
* Harrison Report, 1945
* Auschwitz Report, written 1945, published 2006
* Nuremberg Trial Transcripts, Documents & Exhibits, 1946–1948

Early Reports

Some of the information relayed in the Grojanowski Report (from the extermination center at Chelmno), including an estimate of 700 thousand murdered Jews, was broadcast by the BBC on June 2, 1942. Mention of several details from this broadcast were recycled and reported on page 5 of the New York Times near the end of that month on June 27, 1942.

A New York Times article reports on the existence and use of the gas-chambers on November 24, 1942. It significantly understates the scale of the mass-killing ongoing in the camps, though it does quote the number killed that year at 250,000 and suggests by implication that operations were continuous or otherwise had not concluded. The article appears on page 10 of that day's edition of the New York Times next to an ad for Seagram's Gin much larger than the article itself. This brief mention broadcasts certain basic elements of the Racynski's note, which was not officially circulated as a brochure under the heading "The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland" until several weeks later.

During the Second World War and in its immediate aftermath, many of the documents listed in the "Primary Documents" section above existed alongside a scattering of reports from individual camps such as Bettleheim's
Individual & Mass-Behavior in Extreme Situations
(1943) which appeared in the '' Journal of Abnormal Psychology.'' Early book-length works from survivors of the camps that became widely available immediately after the war include Kogon's '' Theory and Practice of Hell'' (1st published in 1946 as ''Der SS-Staat: Das System de Deutschen Konzentrationslager''), and Rousset's ''Other Kingdom'' (1946).

The Bettleheim paper appearing in the '' Journal of Abnormal Psychology'' is a unique document, insofar as it was published while the concentration camps and extermination centers were still in operation and consisted of the testimony of a working psychiatric clinician in an attempt to report on the circumstances from the perspective of a survivor of the camps. However "Individual & Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations"(1943) also represents the limitations of the early reports: Dachau and Buchenwald (where Bettleheim was imprisoned) were not, technically speaking, extermination centers (the gas-chambers were not used for mass-executions in those camps) and thus does not reflect the experience of prisoners in the death-camps in Eastern Europe but speaks to how the system operated within Germany.

Even reports that record massacres, camps and extermination centers in the East during the war such as Raczyński's Note; the Black Book of Polish Jewry (which confines its sample to Poland, and understates, for a variety of reasons, the full scope of ongoing mass-murder); the Black Book of Soviet Jewry (which was compiled and presented for publication during the war but not circulated until after the war); and the Vrba–Wetzler report (which is contains the testimony of two prisoners escaped from Auschwitz-Birkenau, published alongside the testimony of the Jerzy Tabeau, the Polish Major in Auschwitz Protocols) speak only to limited areas within the system of extermination, do not present a full picture of the killing, and were scarcely made available to the larger public due to an editorial policy that questioned the statistics at the time. The Black Book of Soviet Jewry did not circulate during the war, while the Vrba–Wetzler report (April 1944) saw a limited and circumscribed distribution (though it convinced the regent of Hungary to halt transports in June 1944, which had until then been proceeding at a rate of 12,000 deportees per day). The Black Book of Polish Jewry and even earlier reports in the Allied press presented details, but these documents significantly understate the scale of the killings – due in part to limited information, and in part to a (retrospectively) misplaced sense of discretion and sensitivity to the prevailing attitude of antisemitism amongst all Western powers, whether Allied or Axis: there was a desire to make the reports speak to an audience unconcerned about the fate of Jews.

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May 7th, 1945 issue of Life Magazine
(7 May 1945, 31–37) began the process of substantively documenting and revealing aspects of what had happened to the global public whereas before knowledge of the mass-killings and the gas-chambers – though alluded to, for example, in speeches by Churchill
24 August 1941 broadcast, re: 'Appeal to Roosevelt'
– and reported by rumor or anecdote, remained hazy and fragmentary in public consciousness. Many of the earliest accounts came from individual camps and the documents listed above – most substantially the Nuremberg Trial documentsbut these remained obscure apart from high-level (or generally vague) quotation in journalism.

First Histories: Early Attempts at a Comprehensive Presentation

Early major attempts at systematic scholarship or overviews of the whole system and process of Nazi genocide include:

* Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) by Hannah Arendt
* The Final Solution (1953) by Gerald Reitlinger
* The Destruction of the European Jews (1961) by Raul Hilberg

Historical studies

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* Kaufman, Max. ''Khurbn Letland'' or ''The Destruction of Jews in Latvia'' (1947) Hartung Gorre-Verlag
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* Snyder, Timothy (2015). '' Black Earth: The Holocaust as History & Warning.'' Crown (Reprint), 2015.
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Selected accounts by survivors

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* Bettelheim, Bruno (1943)
Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations
, ''Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology'', 38: 417–452
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* Gradowski, Zalman (1943). ''From the Heart of Hell: A Diary of Auschwitz.'' Zalman was murdered in Auschwitz, but his diary survived buried next to a cresmstorium.
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* Also published as: ''Factory of Death''; ''Escape from Auschwitz: I Cannot Forgive''; ''44070: The Conspiracy of the Twentieth Century''; ''I Escaped from Auschwitz''
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Selected semi-autobiographical accounts by survivors

* Berger, Zdena (1961). '' Tell Me Another Morning.'' Harper & Brothers.
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* Volume 1: ''My Father Bleeds History''; Volume 2: ''Here My Troubles Began''.
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Hypotheses and historiography

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Selected filmography

*'' America and the Holocaust'' The American Experience. 1994, 2005 WGBH Educational Foundation,
*'' Auschwitz: The Nazis and the 'Final Solution''', BBC. 2005.
* '' Daring to Resist: Three Women Face the Holocaust'' is a 57-minute documentary from 1999 which tells the stories of three Jewish teenagers who resisted the Nazis: Faye Schulman, a photographer and partisan fighter in the forests of Poland (now Belarus); Barbara Rodbell, a ballerina in Amsterdam who delivered underground newspapers and secured food and transportation for Jews in hiding; and Shulamit Lack, who acquired false papers and a safe house for Jews attempting to escape from Hungary. The movie was produced and directed by Barbara Attie and Martha Goell Lubell, and narrated by Janeane Garofalo.
* '' Genocide (1981 film)'' documents the history of the Holocaust and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
* '' Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport''
* '' Liebe Perla'' is a 53-minute documentary that documents Nazi Germany's brutality towards disabled people through the exploration of a friendship between two women with dwarfism: Hannelore Witkofski of Germany and Perla Ovitz, who at the time of filming was living in Israel. Perla Ovitz was experimented on by Joseph Mengele during the Nazi regime. The film was made by Shahar Rozen in Israel and Germany in 1999, and it is in German and Hebrew with English subtitles.
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Memory of the Camps
', as shown by PBS Frontline
* '' Night and Fog'', 1955, directed by Alain Resnais, narrated by Michel Bouquet.
* '' One Survivor Remembers'' is a 1995 Oscar-winning documentary (40 minutes) in which Holocaust survivor Gerda Weissmann Klein describes her six-year ordeal as a victim of Nazi cruelty.
* '' Paper clips''
* ''Paragraph 175'' is an 81-minute documentary directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman that discusses the plight of gays and lesbians during the Nazi regime using interviews with all of the known gay and lesbian survivors of this era, five gay men and one lesbian.
* ''Shoah'' is a nine-hour documentary completed by Claude Lanzmann in 1985. The film, unlike most historical documentaries, does not feature reenactments or historical photos; instead it consists of interviews with people who were involved in various ways in the Holocaust, and visits to different places they discuss.
* '' The Sorrow and the Pity'', 1972, directed by Marcel Ophüls.
* '' Swimming in Auschwitz'' is a 2007 documentary which interweaves the stories of six Jewish women who were imprisoned inside the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp during the Holocaust. The women all survived and tell their stories in person in the documentary; at the time of its filming they were all living in Los Angeles.

External links

General sites

* (First released in June 2009).

H-HOLOCAUST
H-Net discussion list for scholars and advanced students

Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project: "Forget You Not"
a Holocaust primer.
* Owned and run by the Aegis Trust, an independent international organisation dedicated to eliminating genocide
*. The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Includes the extensive Holocaust Encyclopedia and large collections of maps and photos, one of the most comprehensive sites.
Yad Vashem- Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
Extensive archives with searchable databases of victims, photos, extremely comprehensive
* Searchable online archives on the Holocaust and Jewish resistance
The Holocaust, Crimes, Heroes And Villains

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Never Again!
an online memorial

The full 800 page book online, with photos and search features.
The Holocaust Chronology (PBS)
*, General site with large Q&A section, as well as works by Jean-Claude Pressac
World Holocaust Forum "Let My People Live!"
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first-hand account and photographs of the 51st Evacuation Hospital during World War II
*"The Case of Archbishop Stepinac: How the Catholic Clergy Helped Run Ustashe (i.e., Nazi) Croatia"; Published by the Yugoslav Embassy, Washington, DC, 1947; reprinted at http://emperors-clothes.com/croatia/stepinac1.htm
* (neutral site with the new Gorbatchev documents included)
Documents on the Holocaust at the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
* A study of the kindertransport and testimonies from the children who took part in it.
The Simon Wiesenthal Center
An international Jewish human rights organization
Holocaust Survivors Oral History Project
at th
University of South Florida
* at th
University of South Florida

Holocaust Centre of New Zealand

Sites in languages other than English

*Yad Vashem i
HebrewGermanFarsiArabicSpanish
an
Russian
* Project Aladdin (Site with extensive resources in Arabic, Persian, French and Turkish)
Holocaust na terenie regionu bialskopodlaskiego w czasie II wojny światowe
(Polish)

Memorials

Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service

Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre in Newark, England

European Holocaust Memorial

Florida Holocaust MuseumGerman Government's Memorial To Jews Murdered During HolocaustHolocaust Awareness Museum & Educational Center of Philadelphia; America's First Holocaust MuseumHolocaust Museum Houston
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Montreal Holocaust Museum
* The New England Holocaust Memorial is a memorial in Boston, Massachusetts, dedicated to the Jews who were killed in the Holocaust.
* The Oregon Holocaust Memorial is an outdoor memorial in Oregon dedicated to all those killed in the Holocaust.
The United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumVirginia Holocaust MuseumYad Vashem - The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority"Tkuma" Ukrainiane Institute for Holocaust Studies

Particular groups which were involved in The Holocaust

*. Section from Rewriting The Footnotes — Berlin and the African Diaspora, by Paulette Reed-Anderson.

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus.
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The Experiences of Jewish Women in the Holocaust

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Lesbians under the Nazi regime

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Holocaust education

An artistic portrayal of the Holocaust and its significance (Artist: Stan Lebovic)
The artwork, developed for Black is a Color, is meant to depict the heroic posture humanity has assumed in this post-Holocaust world, and present it to both humanity and God. For humanity it should serve as a reminder of the worth of their actions, and for God a testament to the worth of God's creations.
*. The Holocaust Education Development Programme (HEDP) is run by the Institute of Education (IOE), University of London and jointly funded by the Pears Foundation and the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) with support from the Holocaust Educational Trust (HET). Its overarching aim is to help teachers teach about the Holocaust in effective and thought-provoking ways.
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Rut Matthijsen Excerpt: A Holocaust Rescuer Discusses How the Holocaust Might Best Be Taught

Victim information and databases

The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names
- Yad Vashem
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* ttps://www.jewishgen.org/infofiles/de-gednk.txt Info on archive of 128,000 victim records (currently under construction)br>Info on archive of 56,000 victim records from Berlin
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* ttp://www.hagalil.com/deutschland/west/hattingen-0.htm Lists of Jews sent from Hattingen*
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Names of 173 Jewish victims from Kaiserslautern
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Documentation and evidence

C-SPAN BookTV: Interview
with Geoffrey Megargee editor of ''Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945''
Detailed answers to Holocaust denial
from the Nizkor Project
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Documentary Resources on the Nazi Genocide and its Denial
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Memorial to those who suffered at the eleven Kaufering concentration camps, located in the general area of Landsberg and Kaufering, Germany.



photos of victims, camps, liberation

Other topics

OneWorld.net's Perspectives Magazine: Preventing Genocide (April/May 2006)
- global human rights and development network looks at genocide from a variety of perspectives

Oskar Schindler - His List Of Life


The Secular Word "HOLOCAUST": Scholarly Sacralization, Twentieth Century Meanings
* the man in the center of Orthodoxy's rescue activities.

Other

*, a documentary film and website.
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''Album Reveals Behind-Scenes Activities at Auschwitz ''
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Auschwitz through the lens of the SS: Photos of Nazi leadership at the camp
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'You Have a Mother'
(Jan. 2015), describing Holocaust survivor Lola Mozes' experiences as a child in Nazi camps. By Chris Hedges in ''Truthdig.''
The Ghetto
(June 2016), Hedges interviews Lola Mozes as she recounts her experience living in Nazi-occupied Poland, three-part video interview, '' The Real News''
Writing as Resistance
(July 2015), describing the writings of inhabitants of the Warsaw Ghetto who buried their accounts of the ghetto (in the hope it would be unearthed later) as German forces were liquidating the Jewish population of the ghetto. By Chris Hedges in ''Truthdig''
A Liberator, But Never Free
(May 2015). "A US Army doctor helped free the Dachau concentration camp in 1945, meticulously documenting his experiences in letters home to his wife. Hidden for the remainder of his life, the letters have resurfaced, and with them, questions about the G.I.'s we know only as heroes." ''The New Republic''
* Máximo, João Carlos (2015), "Não Há Aves em Sobibor", Chiado Editora. .
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Dispossession: Plundering German Jewry, 1933-1953
'' Jonathan Zatlin and Christoph Kreutzmüller, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0472132034

See also

* Bibliography of genocide studies
* Bibliography of Nazi Germany
* Bibliography of World War II
* Holocaust diarists
* Holocaust studies
* List of Holocaust films
* The Holocaust in popular culture
* World War II in popular culture

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holocaust
Holocaust historiography
Bibliographies of World War II