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Kastellaun Kastellaun () is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality. Geography Location The town lies in the eastern Hunsrüc ...
is an – a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
belonging to a , a kind of collective municipality – in the
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district () in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell. His ...
(
district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
) in
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kastellaun, whose seat is in the like-named town.


Geography


Location

The municipality lies in the
Hunsrück The Hunsrück () is a long, triangular, pronounced mountain range, upland in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by the valleys of the Moselle (river), Moselle-Saar (north-to-west), the Nahe (south), and the Rhine (east). It is continued ...
about 2 km east of
Kastellaun Kastellaun () is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality. Geography Location The town lies in the eastern Hunsrüc ...
. The countryside is hilly with many fields, meadows and woods.


Constituent communities

Hollnich's ''
Ortsteil A village is a human settlement or Residential community, community, larger than a hamlet (place), hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located ...
e'' are the main centre – also called Hollnich – Rothenbusch and Gammelshausen.


Name

The municipality's name has varied in spelling over time, with the forms ''Hohlonich'', ''Holonich'', ''Hohlemich'', ''Hohlnich'', ''Kollnig'', ''Holineych'', ''Hulnich'' and finally Hollnich all known to history. What is not clear to history, however, is the name's origin. Interpretations range from the designation of a settlement ''bei der hohlen Eiche'' (“by the hollow oak”) with unreliable secretaries then corrupting the spelling, to a Germanic-
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...
placename with a typical ''—ig'' ending.


History

In 1310, Hollnich had its first documentary mention, along with several local fiefs, in the ''Sponheimisches Gefälleregister'', a taxation register kept by the
County of Sponheim The County of Sponheim (, former spelling: Spanheim, Spanheym) was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire that lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century. The name comes from the municipality of Sponheim, where the cou ...
. About 1360, Heinrich the Elder, Lord at Ehrenberg, indicated that he had been enfeoffed with the village of Hollnich by Count Wilhelm von
Katzenelnbogen Katzenelnbogen () is the name of a castle and small town in the district of Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Katzenelnbogen is the seat of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Aar-Einrich. History Katzenelnbog ...
. In the time that followed, Hollnich was mentioned several times in documents in connection with the Ehrenbergs’ ownership matters and taxation obligations, until in 1492, Landgrave Wilhelm of
Hesse Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major hist ...
enfeoffed Johann, ''
Vogt An , sometimes simply advocate, (German, ), or (French, ), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in the Holy Roman Empire, who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institutio ...
'' of Hunolstein, with the taxes in
oats The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural). Oats appear to have been domesticated as a secondary crop, as their seed ...
,
chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ...
s and money at Hollnich. The Landgraves of Hesse held high court jurisdiction in Hollnich while the Counts of Sponheim held the low jurisdiction. Beginning in the 16th century, the two lordships repeatedly found themselves at odds with each other over
serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed du ...
rights and taxes. The disagreements were settled lastingly and bindingly only in 1788 by the ''
Reichskammergericht The ; ; ) was one of the two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, the other one being the Aulic Council in Vienna. It was founded in 1495 by the Imperial Diet in Worms. All legal proceedings in the Holy Roman Empire could be ...
''. From October 1794 to 1 January 1814, Hollnich belonged to the Department of
Rhin-et-Moselle Rhin-et-Moselle (; ) was a department of the First French Republic and First French Empire in present-day Germany. It was named after the rivers Rhine and Moselle. It was formed in 1797, when the left bank of the Rhine was annexed by France. Unti ...
, the Arrondissement of Simmern, the Canton of Kastellaun and the ''Mairie'' (“Mayoralty”) of Gödenroth. On 20 November 1815, Hollnich became
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n and was assigned to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“Mayoralty”) of Kastellaun and the district of Simmern. The administrative arrangements have changed since then only insofar as a new district has been created by merging the former district of Simmern with that of Sankt Goar to form the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and also the ''
Amt Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'' of Kastellaun has become the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kastellaun. This administrative reform came about after the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, in 1969, in the newly founded
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
. Hollnich remained, as it had been before, a self-administering municipality.


Gammelshausen

Gammelshausen formerly belonged to the municipality of Roth, but ecclesiastically to
Kastellaun Kastellaun () is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality. Geography Location The town lies in the eastern Hunsrüc ...
. This estate, too, had its first documentary mention in 1310 in the ''Sponheimisches Gefälleregister''. In the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...
, it was a parish property of the Kastellaun church. It never seemed to hold very much importance, as witnessed by the dearth of records that mention it, although a reference from 1672 states that the estate was earning the clergyman at Kastellaun income from land tenancy and oats. It was quite likely unpopulated in earlier times. What is known is that by 1832, it had only one homestead. In 1843, it had 48 inhabitants, growing to 68 in 1890 and 84 in 1950. By the late 18th century, the Gamelshäuser Hof, as it was known, was not earning anybody anything, and so it was put up for auction. The buyer was a one Johann Friedrich Hildenbrand from
Bacharach Bacharach (, also known as ''Bacharach am Rhein'') is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Rhein-Nahe, whose seat is in Bingen am Rhein, although that town is not with ...
, whose great plans, not only for farming there but also for building a
linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...
and
cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...
factory, as well as a
brandy Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured ...
distillery Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixt ...
, all fell through. Later, the estate was auctioned off again, this time without any plans for houses or businesses to be built. Little is known of Gammelshausen's history over the last two centuries. Worthy of note, however, is the Hollnich council's reaction to a move on 10 December 1953 to amalgamate Gammelshausen with the municipality. Proceedings in Roth on that day put it to the council that an agreement with Hollnich's mayor on 19 April 1939 had amounted to amalgamation. Hollnich council, however, voted unanimously not to acknowledge what in their view was an unlawful act (the mayor in 1939, after all, would have been a
Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
). The matter reached the highest administrative tribunal, but there was no change in the ruling. Thus, Hollnich had to abide by the decision and acknowledge Gammelshausen as a Hollnich ''
Ortsteil A village is a human settlement or Residential community, community, larger than a hamlet (place), hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located ...
''.


Rothenbusch

Rothenbusch's birth, at least as a settlement, dates only from the late 1960s. Until this time, the name existed as one for the rural cadastral area in this place, but there was no identifiable population centre. Hollnich council decided in June 1968 to open the area to development. Most of the building took place in the 1970s, and it has since become the municipality's most heavily populated centre.


Politics


Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.


Mayor

Hollnich's mayor is Rainer Scherer.


Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: ''In Gold ein doppelreihig rot-silbern geschachtelter Schräglinksbalken. Oben ein wachsender, herschauender, blau gekrönter Löwe. Unten ein roter Busch.'' The municipality's
arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...
might in English
heraldic Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branc ...
language be described thus: Or a bend sinister countercompony argent and gules issuant from which a lion rampant guardant of the third crowned azure, and below which a bush of the third. The three
charge Charge or charged may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Charge, Zero Emissions/Maximum Speed'', a 2011 documentary Music * ''Charge'' (David Ford album) * ''Charge'' (Machel Montano album) * '' Charge!!'', an album by The Aqu ...
s in the arms stand for the municipality's three centres. The lion refers to the main centre, also called Hollnich, which belonged to the
Landgraviate of Hesse The Landgraviate of Hesse () was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. History In the early Middle Ages, the territory of He ...
until 1802 (''Amt'' of Rheinfels). This is symbolized by the heraldic device borne by the
Counts of Katzenelnbogen The County of Katzenelnbogen was an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed between 1095 and 1479, when it was inherited by the Landgraves of Hesse. The estate comprised two separate territories. The main parts were the original ' ...
. The “bend sinister countercompony” (diagonal chequered stripe) is inspired by the “chequy” arms borne by the
Counts of Sponheim The House of Sponheim or Spanheim was a medieval German noble family, which originated in Rhenish Franconia. They were immediate Counts of Sponheim until 1437 and Dukes of Carinthia from 1122 until 1269. Its cadet branches ruled in the Imperial C ...
, who held the low court jurisdiction in Hollnich, but it stands first and foremost for the outlying centre of Gammelshausen, which in ecclesiastical history was attached to the Sponheim holding of Kastellaun through a property that the Kastellaun church owned there. The last charge is for the newest of Hollnich's centres. It is a red bush, according to the blazon, and in
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
, “red bush” is ''roten Busch'' (at least in the
accusative case In grammar, the accusative case ( abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: "me", "him", "he ...
), making the charge
canting ' (International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: , Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, VOS Spelling: , ) is a pen-like tool used to apply liquid hot wax () in the batik-making process in Indonesia, more precisely (). Traditional consists of copper wax-con ...
for “Rothenbusch”, which is pronounced exactly the same way. The arms have been borne since 31 October 1990.


Culture and sightseeing


Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district
/ref> * Beside Dorfstraße 16 – wellshaft and wellhouse built of slate quarrystone * Dorfstraße 22 –
timber-frame Timber framing () and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs. If the struc ...
house, slated, hipped
mansard roof A mansard or mansard roof (also called French roof or curb roof) is a multi-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterised by two slopes on each of its sides, with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper, and often punctured by dormer wi ...
, first third of the 19th century, commercial wing; whole complex of buildings


Sport and leisure

Hollnich is a good starting point for outings, with ideal connections with
hiking A hike is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Long hikes as part of a religious pilgrimage have existed for a much longer time. "Hi ...
and cycle paths, including the nearby ''
Schinderhannes Johannes Bückler ( 177821 November 1803; ) was a German outlaw who orchestrated one of the most famous crime sprees in German history. He has been nicknamed Schinderhannes and Schinnerhannes () in German and John the Scorcher, John the Flayer ...
-Radweg''. The castle town of
Kastellaun Kastellaun () is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality. Geography Location The town lies in the eastern Hunsrüc ...
is also nearby. Right on the ''Schinderhannes-Radweg'' in Hollnich is a playground and sporting ground suitable for children.


Local dialect

The area's local dialect is
Hunsrückisch Hunsrückisch is a German dialect spoken in the Hunsrück region of Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate). This mountainous region of Germany has long been an exporter of emigrants to Brazil, United States, Canada, Australia and other parts of the wor ...
.


Economy and infrastructure


Transport

Hollnich is linked to the road network only over District Roads (''Kreisstraßen''), and has had no railway link since the Kastellaun–Boppard line discontinued service on 28 May 1983. ''Landesstraße'' (State Road) 219, which links Kastellaun and Simmern, may be reached over ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 35. The local roads also link with the nearby ''Hunsrückhöhenstraße'' ("Hunsrück Heights Road", a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on
Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German Nazism, Nazi politician, aviator, military leader, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which gov ...
's orders), affording access to destinations farther afield.


Economy

Agriculture, once the mainstay of the local people's livelihood, nowadays counts only two full-time operations and fewer than five more that work the fields as a secondary income earner. Most workers in Hollnich commute to work in the surrounding towns and cities. Since the outlying centre of Rothenbusch came into being, the number of white-collar and
public-sector The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, pub ...
workers living in the municipality has risen sharply. The area around Hollnich is also bound with the tourism industry centred on Kastellaun.


Established businesses

Businesses in Hollnich include a small plastics factory, a handicrafts business (radio and television technology), an inn in the old school, a hotel and a
pension A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a " defined benefit plan", wh ...
business.


References


External links


Municipality's official webpage
{{Authority control Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis