The concept of holistic national security ( zh, s=总体国家安全观, hp=Zǒngtǐ guójiā ānquán guān), also translated as comprehensive national security, is a principle of
national security
National security, or national defence (national defense in American English), is the security and Defence (military), defence of a sovereign state, including its Citizenship, citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of ...
policy defined by
Chinese Communist Party
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...
general secretary
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...
Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping, pronounced (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China), chairman of the Central Military Commission ...
in 2014. According to this principle, dimensions such as economic security, cybersecurity, and
energy security
Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption (as opposed to household energy insecurity). Access to cheaper energy has become essential to the functioning of modern ...
are viewed as necessary to traditional national security concerns.
Development
Xi Jinping introduced the concept of holistic national security in 2014, which he defined as taking "the security of the people as compass, political security as its roots, economic security as its pillar, military security, cultural security, and cultural security as its protections, and that relies on the promotion of international security."
Holistic national security also emphasizes the need for energy security.
Xi created
, which focuses on holistic national security and addresses both external and internal security matters.
The concept has since been used as a tenet of the CCP's
Global Security Initiative
The Global Security Initiative (GSI, ) is an initiative proposed by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping during the annual Boao Forum on 21 April 2022. Officially, the initiative is meant to "uphold the principle of indivisible ...
.
In April 2021, the Research Centre for a Holistic Approach to National Security was established at the
China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations
The China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR; ; zh, s=中国现代国际关系研究院 , p=) is the cover identity of the 11th Bureau of the Chinese Ministry of State Security (MSS). It is a set of research institutes ...
(CICIR) in order to further develop the concept of holistic national security.
Yuan Peng
Yuan Peng ( zh, s=袁鹏) is a Chinese intelligence officer and political scientist specializing in analysis of the United States for the Ministry of State Security (MSS). He previously headed the 11th bureau of the MSS, commonly known as the C ...
was the centre's secretary general during his term as CICIR president.
Researchers at the Centre view "great economic change" as an important component of "
great changes unseen in a century
Great changes unseen in a century () is a term in Chinese political rhetoric which refers to geopolitical shifts in which the United States is seen as a declining power and in which the rise of populism, economic securitization, and advancing tech ...
."
In a text issued in 2021, the Centre wrote that holistic national security threats are likely to emerge in "new frontiers" like polar regions, deep sea, the internet, artificial intelligence, and space.
In this view, the development of these new frontiers creates uncertainty because they do not have clear geographical borders and therefore transcend traditional ideas of sovereignty.
Content
The concept of holistic national security concept covers twenty areas, including:
#
Political security Political security is one of five sectors of analysis under the framework of the Copenhagen School of security studies.
As a Human Security Approach, the concept of political security was briefly defined in the 1994 Human Development Report (HDR) ...
# Military security
# Territorial security
# Economic security
# Financial security
# Cultural security
# Societal security
# Technology security
# Cybersecurity
# Food security
# Ecological security
# Resource security
# Nuclear security
# Overseas interests security
# Space security
# Deep-sea security
# Polar security
# Biosecurity
# Artificial Intelligence security
# Data security
See also
*
Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) frames its ideology as Marxism–Leninism adapted to the historical context of China, often expressing it as socialism with Chinese characteristics. Major ideological contributions of the CCP's leadership are v ...
References
{{China national security
Xi Jinping
Government of the People's Republic of China
National security by country
Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party