''Histioteuthis'' is a genus of

squid A squid (: squid) is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight cephalopod limb, arms, and two tentacles in the orders Myopsida, Oegopsida, and Bathyteuthida (though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also ...

in the family

Histioteuthidae Histioteuthidae is a family of Oegopsid squid. The family was previously considered to be monotypic but the World Register of Marine Species assigns two genera to this family. The species classified under Histioteuthidae are mostly weakly muscl ...

. It goes by the

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

cock-eyed squid, because in all species the right eye is normal-sized, round, blue and sunken; whereas the left eye is at least twice the diameter of the right eye, tubular, yellow-green, faces upward, and bulges out of the head. In 2017, researchers at

Duke University Duke University is a Private university, private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity, North Carolina, Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1 ...

established that ''Histioteuthis'' uses its larger eye to see ambient

sunlight Sunlight is the portion of the electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by the Sun (i.e. solar radiation) and received by the Earth, in particular the visible spectrum, visible light perceptible to the human eye as well as invisible infrare ...

, and its smaller eye to detect

bioluminescence Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in multifarious organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorgani ...

from prey animals.Mismatched Eyes Help Squid Survive Ocean’s Twilight Zone
at

; by Kara Manke; published February 13, 2017; retrieved June 25, 2017 The name is composed of the Greek ' (, "sail", a large webbed membrane between six of the arms, in some species) and ' ("squid"). The genus contains bioluminescent species.

Species

*''H. bonnellii'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis bonnellii ''Histioteuthis bonnellii'', the umbrella squid, is a species of cock-eyed squid belonging to the family Histioteuthidae. Distribution This species is distributed mostly in the Atlantic Ocean. It can be found off the coast of Argentina, South A ...

'', umbrella squid **''

Histioteuthis machrohista ''Histioteuthis macrohista'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species has been documented ~35 times off of the southern coast of Australia, and has also been observed in New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the south ...

'' *''H. reversa'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis eltaninae ''Histioteuthis eltaninae'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species has been observed and documented off the coast of New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main land ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis atlantica ''Histioteuthis atlantica'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species has been observer an estimated 92 times since records began, all off the coast of southern Australia, particularly near Tasmania. It was described by zoologist William Evan ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis reversa ''Histioteuthis reversa'', commonly known as the reverse jewel squid or the elongate jewel squid, is a species of cock-eyed squid, so called because the eyes are dissimilar. It occurs at moderate depths in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranea ...

'', reverse jewel squid *''H. celetaria'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis celetaria ''Histioteuthis celeteria'', also known as the elegant jewel squid, is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species is distributed across the Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis pacifica ''Histioteuthi pacifica'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species has been documented off the coasts of Bangladesh and Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the ...

'' *''H. corona'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis berryi ''Histioteuthis berryi'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species believed to reside largely in the North Atlantic Ocean, and have also been observed off the coast of California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western Un ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis cerasina ''Histioteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the family Histioteuthidae. It goes by the common name cock-eyed squid, because in all species the right eye is normal-sized, round, blue and sunken; whereas the left eye is at least twice the diameter o ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis corona ''Histioteuthis corona'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species has been observed sporadically in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and is also largely concentrated off the coast of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico. References Molluscs ...

'' **''

Histioteuthis inermis ''Histioteuthis inermis'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species is heavily concentrated in the Mediterranean Sea but has been observed i numerous other parts of the world, including off the coasts of the eastern United States, South Afric ...

'' *''H. miranda'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis miranda ''Histioteuthis miranda'' is a species of cock-eyed squid. The species largely resides in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and members are gonochoric In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is e ...

'' **'' Histioteuthis oceani'' *''H. meleagroteuthis'' species-group **''

Histioteuthis heteropsis ''Histioteuthis heteropsis'', common name, known as the strawberry squid, is a species of small Histioteuthis, cock-eyed squid. The scientific nomenclature of these squid stems from their set of differently sized eyes, one being small and blue an ...

'', strawberry squid **'' Histioteuthis meleagroteuthis''

References

External links

Histioteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
Histioteuthidae Bioluminescent molluscs {{squid-stub