Hisponinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

jumping spider Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family (biology), family Salticidae. , this family contained over 600 species description, described genus, genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spide ...

s (family Salticidae). The subfamily has six known

extant Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Exta ...

genera and three extinct genera.

Description

Members of the subfamily Hisponinae have a distinctive constriction or furrow in the

carapace A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the unde ...

just behind the small eyes. They share some features with those of the much larger subfamily Salticinae, such as reduction of the size of the posterior median eyes, and the loss of the conductor of the

palpal bulb The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often descr ...

. Hisponine females have a very much reduced

tarsal claw This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids. Links within the glossary are shown . Terms A * Abdomen or opisthosoma: One of the two main body par ...

on the

pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among Chelicerata, chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to ...

(salticines have lost this claw altogether).

Taxonomy

The group was first described by

Eugène Simon Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist in history, ...

in 1901 as "Hisponeae". It has subsequently been treated as the subfamily Hisponinae, often using the informal name "hisponines".

Phylogeny

The relationships among the basal salticids are not yet fully resolved; summary

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ...

s published in both 2014 and 2015 show unresolved branching for five basal subfamilies. However, Hisponinae is resolved as sister to Salticinae, the most derived subfamily.

Genera

, the subfamily included six extant genera: * ''

Hispo ''Hispo'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Species of ''Hispo'' range in body length from 5 to 7 mm in females, and 3 to 4 in males. Distribution Most species are found in Madagascar, with others found in Afri ...

'' Simon, 1886 * ''

Jerzego ''Jerzego'' is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae, with three described species native to Asia. Etymology The genus is named after the Polish arachnologist Jerzy Prószyński. Species * '' Jerzego alboguttatus'' (Simon, 190 ...

'' Maddison, 2014 * '' Massagris'' Simon, 1900 * '' Tomobella'' Szűts & Scharff, 2009 * '' Tomocyrba'' Simon, 1900 * ''

Tomomingi ''Tomomingi'' is a genus of African Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by T. Szűts & N. Scharff in 2009. Species it contains eight species, found only in Africa: *''Tomomingi holmi'' (Jerzy Prószyński, Prószyński & Marek M ...

'' Szűts & Scharff, 2009 Some genera have been described by

Alexander Petrunkevitch Alexander Ivanovitch Petrunkevitch (; December 22, 1875 – March 9, 1964) was a Russian arachnologist. From 1910 to 1939, he described over 130 spider species. One of his most famous essays was "The Spider and the Wasp." In it he uses effective ...

from

Baltic amber Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the re ...

: * †'' Almolinus'' Petrunkevitch, 1958 * †'' Gorgopsina'' Petrunkevitch, 1955 * †'' Prolinus'' Petrunkevitch, 1958

References

{{taxonbar, from=Q101133 Salticidae Spider subfamilies