Hirth Engines GmbH is an

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ...

manufacturer based in

Benningen Benningen is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany. The town has a Municipal association (Germany), municipal association with Memmingerberg. References

Unterallgäu {{Unterall ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. It is currently a part of the

UMS Aero Group UMS Skeldar AG is an aircraft manufacturer based in Sweden, with both headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Linköping. It was formed in 2018 as a joint venture between majority shareholder UMS Aero Group and Saab AB, Saab. Its principle p ...

. Hirth began manufacturing

aero engine An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are referred to as powered flight. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbin ...

s in the 1920s, was taken over by Heinkel in WWII to develop the

Heinkel-Hirth Hirth Engines GmbH is an engine manufacturer based in Benningen, Germany. It is currently a part of the UMS Aero Group. Hirth began manufacturing aero engines in the 1920s, was taken over by Heinkel in WWII to develop the Heinkel-Hirth jet en ...

jet engines, and today specialises in small

two-stroke A two-stroke (or two-stroke cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine that completes a power cycle with two strokes of the piston, one up and one down, in one revolution of the crankshaft in contrast to a four-stroke engine which re ...

engines for light aircraft and other applications.

History

Hellmuth Hirth and Hirth Motoren

The company was founded by

Hellmuth Hirth Hellmuth Hirth (; 24 April 1886 – 1 July 1938) was a German engineer who founded the Mahle GmbH and Hirth companies, manufacturing engine components and complete aircraft engines respectively. Biography Hirth was born in Heilbronn, the son ...

as Versuchsbau Hellmuth Hirth. The first commercial engine, the 4-cylinder inverted in-line HM 60, first ran in June 1923 and was sold from the next year. Its quality was extremely high and it formed the foundation of the business.Gunston, Bill (1998). ''World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines'', 4th Edition. Patrick Stephens Ltd (PSL). The company was renamed Leichtmetall-Werke GmbH, Elektronmetall GmbH and eventually separated from the aero engine manufacturing to form

Mahle GmbH MAHLE GmbH is a German automotive parts manufacturer based in Stuttgart, Germany. It is one of the largest automotive suppliers worldwide. As a manufacturer of components and systems for the combustion engine and its periphery, the company is ...

as a manufacturer of light alloy engine components, specifically the magnesium alloy Elektron, including parts for aircraft engines. In 1931, Hirth renamed the much-expanded aero engine business as Hirth Motoren GmbH. An upgrade in the form of the HM 60R improved efficiency, and was followed by 6, 8 and 12-cylinder versions based on the same basic design. Over the next decade, Hirth became one of Germany's leading aero engine manufacturers.

Heinkel-Hirth

During the late 1930s

Hans von Ohain Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (14 December 191113 March 1998) was a German physicist, engineer, and the designer of the first aircraft to use a turbojet engine. Together with Frank Whittle and Anselm Franz, he has been described as the co-invent ...

developed a jet engine design while at

Göttingen University Göttingen (, ; ; ) is a college town, university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the Capital (political), capital of Göttingen (district), the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. According to the 2022 German census, t ...

. Despite having no engine facility, aircraft designer

Heinkel Heinkel Flugzeugwerke () was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, wit ...

employed him to continue his work. Together with Wilhelm Gundermann he developed a series of experimental engines, including the HeS 3B which powered the world's first jet aircraft, the

Heinkel He 178 The Heinkel He 178 was an experimental aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Heinkel. It was the world's first aircraft to fly using the thrust from a turbojet engine. The He 178 was developed to test the jet prop ...

, in 1939. Hellmuth Hirth died in an aircraft crash in 1938. The RLM or ''

Reichsluftfahrtministerium The Ministry of Aviation (, abbreviated RLM) was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany (1933–45). It is also the original name of the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus building on the Wilhelmstrasse in central Berlin, Germany, which ...

'' ("Reich aviation ministry") nationalised his company, and in 1942 it was taken over by

to form Heinkel-Hirth. While the existing piston engine series were continued, Heinkel also used the Hirth facilities for development work on their series of

jet engine A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet (fluid), jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition may include Rocket engine, rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and ...

s. Although Heinkel-Hirth had some technical success with this programme, their jet engines were not put into production.

Gobler-Hirth and UMS Skeldar

Following

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Hirth re-emerged as an independent company once again. Because of the prohibitions on German aviation in this period, Hirth manufactured small marine and

stationary engine A stationary engine is an engine whose framework does not move. They are used to drive immobile equipment, such as pumps, generators, mills or factory machinery, or cable cars. The term usually refers to large immobile reciprocating engines, ...

s, as well as motors for

snowmobile A snowmobile, also known as a snowmachine (chiefly Alaskan), motor sled (chiefly Canadian), motor sledge, skimobile, snow scooter, or simply a sled is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow. Their engines normally ...

s. In the early 1970s the company went into voluntary liquidation. The company was acquired by

Hans Göbler Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi ...

, who continued making small

engines under the name of Gobler-Hirth Motoren Gmbh, and re-introduced aero engines to the range. In 2011 Gobler-Hirth were developing UAV piston engines to run on heavier jet fuel, because of its higher energy density and ease of handling. In 2018 Gobler-Hirth was taken over by

UMS Skeldar UMS Skeldar AG is an aircraft manufacturer based in Sweden, with both headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Linköping. It was formed in 2018 as a joint venture between majority shareholder UMS Aero Group and Saab. Its principle product is ...

, a joint venture between the Swedish aerospace company

Saab AB Saab AB (originally , , acronym SAAB), with subsidiaries collectively known as the Saab Group (), is a Swedish aerospace and defense company, defence company primarily operating from Sweden. The company is headquartered in Stockholm, but its de ...

and Swiss drone maker

in which UMS hold a majority share. The company was renamed Hirth Engines Gmbh. The Skeldar range of UAVs, originally developed by Saab, have introduced Hirth's heavy-fuel piston engines to the marketplace, alongside their established gasoline-fuelled products.UMS SKELDAR Announces Acquisition of Global Engine Manufacturer Hirth Engines
Hirth Engines, 2018. (retrieved 23 August 2022)

Engines

Four-stroke piston (prewar and WWII)

Hirth HM 60 The Hirth HM 60 was a four-cylinder inverted air-cooled inline aircraft engine designed in 1923 and first sold in 1924. The engine was of very high quality, and its sales success contributed to Hirth's rapid pre-war expansion. It was a popular ...

- 4-cylinder inverted air-cooled inline aircraft engine, *

Hirth HM 500 The Hirth HM 500 was a German four-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engine developed from the Hirth HM 504 in 1938. Although developing the same output of the HM 504 (105 hp) and keeping the same capacity and bore, the HM 500 was a very ...

- 4-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline, *

Hirth HM 501 The Hirth HM 501 was a 6-cylinder air-cooled inverted in-line engine that was developed by Hirth Motoren GmbH in the late 1930s, from the 4-cylinder HM 500 and used principally on the submarine-born Arado Ar 231. Applications * Arado Ar 231 ...

- 4-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline, *

Hirth HM 504 The Hirth HM 504 is a four-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engine. The HM 504 was a popular engine for light aircraft of the 1930s-1940s, and it was used to power a number of Germany's trainer aircraft of World War II. The engine featured a ...

- 4-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline, *

Hirth HM 506 The Hirth HM 506 was a six-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engine that was developed from the earlier four-cylinder HM 504. The HM 506 was a popular engine for light aircraft of the 1930s to 1940s and powered the Bücker Bü 133A model trai ...

- 6-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline, *

Hirth HM 508 The Hirth HM 508 was an air-cooled, eight-cylinder, 60° cylinder bank angle inverted-V aircraft engine built in Germany in the 1930s. It had a bore and stroke of 105 mm × 115 mm (4.1 in × 4.5 in) and developed 210 kW (280 ...

- 8-cylinder air-cooled inverted-V, * Hirth HM 512 - 12-cylinder air-cooled inverted-V, * Hirth HM 515 - 4-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline,

Turbine (prewar and WWII)

Heinkel HeS 1 The Heinkel HeS 1 ''(HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke)'' was Germany's first jet engine, which was a stationary test item that ran on hydrogen. History In 1933, Hans von Ohain wrote his PhD thesis at the University of Göttingen on the topic of an ...

- Bench-test prototype engine fuelled by hydrogen, run some five months after the first Whittle bench-test prototype. *

Heinkel HeS 3 The Heinkel HeS 3 (HeS - ''Heinkel Strahltriebwerke'') was the world's first operational jet engine to power an aircraft. Designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel, the engine first flew as the primary power of the Heinkel He 178, pil ...

- First jet engine to fly. * Heinkel-Hirth HeS 30 - aka 006. * Heinkel-Hirth HeS 40 - "constant volume" combustion engine. * Heinkel-Hirth HeS 50 - ducted-fan unit for long-duration flight. * Heinkel-Hirth HeS 60 - HeS 50 with an additional turbine stage. *

Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011 The Heinkel HeS 011 or Heinkel-Hirth 109-011 ''(HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke)'' was an advanced World War II jet engine built by Heinkel-Hirth. It featured a unique compressor arrangement, starting with a low-compression impeller in the intake ...

- advanced twin-spool design, 19 test examples built.

Two-stroke piston (postwar)

Hirth F-23 The Hirth F-23 is a twin cylinder, horizontally-opposed, two stroke, carburetted or optionally fuel injected aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft. It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.Cliche, Andre: ''Ultralight Aircraft ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth F-30 The Hirth F-30 is a horizontally opposed four-cylinder, two-stroke, carburetted aircraft engine, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and homebuilts. It is manufactured by Hirth of Germany.Cliche, Andre: ''Ul ...

- 4-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth F-33 The Hirth F-33 is a Single cylinder engine, single cylinder, two stroke, carburetor, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, including Powered paragliding, powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. the engine is n ...

- 1-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth F-36 The Hirth F-36 is a single-cylinder, two-stroke, carburetted aircraft engine designed for use on ultralight aircraft, especially powered paragliders and ultralight trikes. It is noted for its extremely small equipped weight of including exh ...

- 1-cylinder two stroke * Hirth F-40 - 4-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth F-102 Hirth Engines GmbH is an engine manufacturer based in Benningen, Germany. It is currently a part of the UMS Aero Group. Hirth began manufacturing aero engines in the 1920s, was taken over by Heinkel in WWII to develop the Heinkel-Hirth jet eng ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke * Hirth F-263 - 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 2702 The Hirth 2702 and 2703 are a family of in-line twin cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engines designed for use on ultralight aircraft and especially two seat ultralight trainers, single seat gyrocopters, and small homebuilts. It i ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke * Hirth 2703 - 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 2704 The Hirth 2704 and 2706 are a family of Inline engine (aviation), in-line twin cylinder, two stroke, carburetor, carburetted aircraft engines, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and especially two seat ultral ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 2706 The Hirth 2704 and 2706 are a family of in-line twin cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engines, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and especially two seat ultralight trainers, single seat gyrocopte ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke * Hirth 3002 - 4-cylinder two stroke * Hirth 3202 - 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 3203 The Hirth 3202 and 3203 are a family of in-line twin cylinder, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engines, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft, especially two seat ultralight trainers, gyrocopters and small h ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 3502 The Hirth 3502 and 3503 are a family of liquid-cooled, Inline engine (aviation), in-line twin-cylinder, two-stroke, carburetor, carbureted aircraft engines, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and small homebu ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 3503 The Hirth 3502 and 3503 are a family of liquid-cooled, in-line twin-cylinder, two-stroke, carbureted aircraft engines, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and small homebuilts. It is manufactured by Hirth of ...

- 2-cylinder two stroke *

Hirth 3701 The Hirth 3701 is an Inline engine (aviation), in-line three-cylinder, two-stroke, carburetor, carburetted aircraft engine, with optional fuel injection, designed for use on ultralight aircraft and small homebuilt aircraft, homebuilts. It is m ...

- 3-cylinder two stroke

References

External links

* {{Hirth aeroengines Aircraft engine manufacturers of Germany Companies based in Bavaria German brands Heinkel

History

Hellmuth Hirth and Hirth Motoren

Heinkel-Hirth

Gobler-Hirth and UMS Skeldar

Engines

Four-stroke piston (prewar and WWII)

Turbine (prewar and WWII)

Two-stroke piston (postwar)

See also

References

External links