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The Hipposideridae are a
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of
bat Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
s commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.Simmons, 2005, p. 365 Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder
Yinpterochiroptera The Yinpterochiroptera (or Pteropodiformes) is a suborder of the Chiroptera, which includes taxa formerly known as megabats and five of the microbat families: Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Craseonycteridae, and Megadermatidae. T ...
.


Taxonomy

The Hipposideridae contain 10 living genera and more than 70 species, mostly in the widespread genus '' Hipposideros''. In addition, several fossil genera are known; the oldest fossils attributed to the family are from the
middle Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', ' Dawn') a ...
of Europe. In their 1997 ''Classification of Mammals'', Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell proposed a division of Hipposideridae (called Rhinonycterinae in their work) into three
tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
, one with two subtribes, but these tribes turned out to be non-
monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
and have been abandoned. A different classification was proposed by Hand and Kirsch in 2003. In 2009, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo proposed a separate tribe, Triaenopini, for the genera '' Triaenops'', '' Paratriaenops'', and possibly '' Cloeotis'', synonymised in a 2014 revision (Foley, ''et al.'') that elevated the family
Rhinonycteridae Rhinonycteridae is a family of bats, within the suborder Yinpterochiroptera. The type species, the orange nose-leafed species group ''Rhinonicteris aurantia'', is found across the north of Australia. Description The family accords with the des ...
. The Hipposideridae have many different families, previously confused to be the same for their similar appearance. The Hipposideridae fulvus is very similar to the Hipposideridae Pomona, which were a part of the same family in the past. The macrobullatus, considered to be a subspecies of the Hipposideridae are also part of a different family. Among the Hipposideridae species, there is an increased amount of mitochondrial differentation, possibly leading to these subspecies being intermixed and confused as one.


Genera

The genera included in Hipposideridae are:


Living

*'' Anthops'' (one species;
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, ''Islands of Destiny'', Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 1000 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, t ...
and
Bougainville Island Bougainville Island (; Tok Pisin: ''Bogenvil'') is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. Its land area is . The highest point is Mount Balbi, on the main island, at . The much smaller Buk ...
) *''
Asellia ''Asellia'' is a genus of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It contains the following species: * Arabian trident bat (''Asellia arabica'') * Somalian trident bat (''Asellia italosomalica'') * Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat (''Asellia patriz ...
'' (four species; Africa and southwestern Asia; Miocene fossils from Europe) *'' Aselliscus'' (three species; southeastern Asia and Melanesia) *'' Coelops'' (at least two species; southeastern Asia; Miocene fossils from Africa) *'' Doryrhina'' (two species, Africa) *'' Hipposideros'' (more than sixty species; Africa, southern Eurasia, and Australasia; oldest fossils from the Eocene of Europe; includes ''Pseudorhinolophus'', sometimes considered a separate genus) *'' Macronycteris'' (five species, Africa and Madagascar) (Note that genus Paracoelops was previously listed for Vietnam is now a synonym of Hipposideros pomona)


Extinct

*'' Archerops'' (
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
of Australia) *'' Miophyllorhina'' (Miocene of Australia)Archer et al., 2006, p. 7 *'' Palaeophyllophora'' (Eocene to Miocene of Europe) *'' Paraphyllophora'' (Eocene or Oligocene to Miocene of Europe) *'' Riversleigha'' (Miocene of Australia) *'' Vaylatsia'' (Oligocene of Europe)Ziegler, 2000, p. 652; Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3; cf. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 305 (excluded from Rhinonycterinae) *'' Xenorhinos'' (Miocene of Australia)


List of species

* Family Hipposideridae — Old World leaf-nosed bats ** Genus '' Anthops'' *** Flower-faced bat, ''Anthops ornatus'' ** Genus ''
Asellia ''Asellia'' is a genus of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It contains the following species: * Arabian trident bat (''Asellia arabica'') * Somalian trident bat (''Asellia italosomalica'') * Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat (''Asellia patriz ...
'' — trident leaf-nosed bats *** Arabian trident bat, ''Asellia arabica'' *** Somalian trident bat, ''Asellia italosomalica'' *** Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat, ''Asellia patrizii'' ***
Trident bat The trident bat or trident leaf-nosed bat (''Asellia tridens'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is widely distributed in the West, South and Central Asia, and North, East, and Central Africa. Its natural habitats are subtr ...
, ''Asellia tridens'' ** Genus '' Aselliscus'' — Tate's trident-nosed bats *** Stoliczka's trident bat, ''Aselliscus stoliczkanus'' *** Temminck's trident bat, ''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'' *** Dong Bac's trident bat, ''Aselliscus dongbacana'' ** Genus '' Coelops'' — tailless leaf-nosed bats *** East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops frithii'' *** Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops robinsoni'' ** Genus '' Doryrhina'' — roundleaf bats *** Greater roundleaf bat, ''Doryrhina camerunensis'' *** Cyclops roundleaf bat, ''Doryrhina cyclops'' ** Genus '' Hipposideros'' — roundleaf bats *** Aba roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros abae'' *** Ha Long leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros alongensis'' *** Great roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros armiger'' *** Dusky roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros ater'' *** Benito roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros beatus'' *** Bicolored roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros bicolor'' *** Boeadi’s roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros boeadii'' *** Short-headed roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros breviceps'' *** Sundevall's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros caffer'' *** Spurred roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros calcaratus'' ***
Fawn leaf-nosed bat The fawn leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros cervinus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vanuatu. Taxonomy The species was first described by John Gould in his Mammals of ...
or fawn roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros cervinus'' ***
Ashy roundleaf bat The ashy roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros cineraceus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Taxonomy and etymology It was ...
, ''Hipposideros cineraceus'' ***
Large Mindanao roundleaf bat The large Mindanao roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros coronatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae endemic to the Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic ...
, ''Hipposideros coronatus'' *** Telefomin roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros corynophyllus'' ***
Cox's roundleaf bat Cox's roundleaf bat or Cox's leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros coxi'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Borneo. All confirmed records are from Sarawak (Malaysia), but it might also occur in Kalimantan Kalimantan ( ...
, ''Hipposideros coxi'' ***
Timor roundleaf bat The Timor roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros crumeniferus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the ...
, ''Hipposideros crumeniferus'' ***
Short-tailed roundleaf bat The short-tailed roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros curtus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and caves. It is thre ...
, ''Hipposideros curtus'' *** Makira roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros demissus'' *** Diadem roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros diadema'' *** Fierce roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros dinops'' ***
Borneo roundleaf bat The Borneo roundleaf bat or Bornean leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros doriae'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Borneo, Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. ''Hipposideros sabanus'' is a synonym of this species. Taxonom ...
, ''Hipposideros doriae'' ***
Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros durgadasi''), also known as Durga Das's leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to India. Its natural habitat is caves. It is threatened by habitat loss. Taxonomy ...
, ''Hipposideros durgadasi'' ***
Dayak roundleaf bat The Dayak roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros dyacorum''), also known as the least roundleaf bat, is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Indonesia and Malaysia. Taxonomy The Dayak roundleaf bat was described as a new speci ...
, ''Hipposideros dyacorum'' *** Hill's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros edwardshilli'' *** House-dwelling leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros einnaythu'' ***'' Hipposideros fasensis'' ***
Sooty roundleaf bat The sooty roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros fuliginosus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. Its ...
, ''Hipposideros fuliginosus'' ***
Fulvus roundleaf bat The fulvus roundleaf bat or fulvus leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros fulvus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Taxonomy The fulvus roundleaf b ...
, ''Hipposideros fulvus'' *** Cantor's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros galeritus'' *** Andersen's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros gentilis'' *** Grand roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros grandis'' *** Griffin's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros griffini'' *** Thailand roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros halophyllus'' *** Kolar leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros hypophyllus'' *** Crested roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros inexpectatus'' *** Arnhem leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros inornatus'' *** Jones's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros jonesi'' *** Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros khaokhouayensis'' *** Khasian leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros khasiana'' *** Kunz's Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat, ''Hipposideros kunzi'' ***
Lamotte's roundleaf bat Lamotte's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros lamottei'') is a species of bat found only at Mount Nimba on the border of Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Liberia. It is critically endangered. Taxonomy It was described as a new species in 1984 by French zo ...
, ''Hipposideros lamottei'' *** Indian roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lankadiva'' *** Intermediate roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros larvatus'' *** Large Asian roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lekaguli'' *** Shield-faced roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lylei'' *** Big-eared roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros macrobullatus'' *** Maduran leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros madurae'' *** Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros maggietaylorae'' *** Aellen's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros marisae'' *** Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros megalotis'' *** Fly River roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros muscinus'' *** Malayan roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros nequam'' *** Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat, ''Hipposideros nicobarulae'' *** Philippine forest roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros obscurus'' *** Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros orbiculus'' *** Biak roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros papua'' ***'' Hipposideros parnabyi'' *** Peleng leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros pelingensis'' *** Pendlebury's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros pendleburyi'' *** Pomona roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros pomona'' *** Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros pygmaeus'' *** Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros ridleyi'' *** Laotian leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros rotalis'' *** Noack's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros ruber'' *** Shield-nosed leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros scutinares'' *** Semon's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros semoni'' *** Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros sorenseni'' *** Schneider's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros speoris'' *** Northern leaf-nosed bat or narrow-eared roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros stenotis'' *** Sumba roundleaf bat or Sumban leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros sumbae'' *** Pratt's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros swinhoei'' ***'' Maghreb leaf-nosed bat'', ''Hipposideros tephrus'' *** Lesser great leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros turpis'' *** Wollaston's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros wollastoni'' ** Genus '' Macronycteris'' *** Commerson's leaf-nosed bat or Commerson's roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris commersoni'' ***'' Macronycteris cryptovalorona'' *** Giant roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris gigas'' *** Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed bat, ''Macronycteris thomensis'' *** Striped leaf-nosed bat, ''Macronycteris vittatus''


Notes


References

;Bibliography *Archer, M., Arena, D.A., Bassarova, M., Beck, R.M.D., Black, K., Boles, W.E., Brewer, P., Cooke, B.N., Crosby, K., Gillespie, A., Godthelp, H., Hand, S.J., Kear, B.P., Louys, J., Morrell, A., Muirhead, J., Roberts, K.K., Scanlon, J.D., Travouillon, K.J. and Wroe, S. 2006. Current status of species-level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa Special Issue 1:1-17. *Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009
Taxonomic revision of the genus ''Triaenops'' (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe
Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45. *Hand, S.J. and Archer, M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48(2):371–383. *Hand, S.J. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. ''Archerops'', a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139–1151. *Hutcheon, J.M. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):1–10. *McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. *Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.)
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. *Ziegler, R. 2000. The bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Late Oligocene fissure fillings Herrlingen 8 and Herrlingen 9 near Ulm (Baden-Württemberg).
Senckenbergiana Lethaea This is a list of academic journals An academic journal (or scholarly journal or scientific journal) is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transp ...
80(2):647–683. {{Authority control Bat families Taxa named by Richard Lydekker