The Hipposideridae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.Simmons, 2005, p. 365 Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder Yinpterochiroptera.

Taxonomy

The Hipposideridae contain 10 living genera and more than 70 species, mostly in the widespread genus '' Hipposideros''. In addition, several fossil genera are known; the oldest fossils attributed to the family are from the

middle Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "d ...

of Europe. In their 1997 ''Classification of Mammals'', Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell proposed a division of Hipposideridae (called Rhinonycterinae in their work) into three

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

, one with two subtribes, but these tribes turned out to be non-

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

and have been abandoned. A different classification was proposed by Hand and Kirsch in 2003. In 2009, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo proposed a separate tribe,

Triaenopini Rhinonycteridae is a family of bats, allied to the suborder Microchiroptera. The type species, the orange nose-leafed species group ''Rhinonicteris aurantia'', is found across the north of Australia. Description The family accords with the de ...

, for the genera '' Triaenops'', ''

Paratriaenops ''Paratriaenops'' is a genus in the bat family Hipposideridae. It is classified in the tribe Triaenopini, along with the closely related genus ''Triaenops'' and perhaps the poorly known '' Cloeotis''. The species of ''Paratriaenops'' were placed ...

'', and possibly ''

Cloeotis Percival's trident bat (''Cloeotis percivali'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Cloeotis''. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, with its core distribution in Southern Africa. It has been reporte ...

'', synonymised in a 2014 revision (Foley, ''et al.'') that elevated the family Rhinonycteridae.

Genera

The genera included in Hipposideridae are:

Living

*''

Anthops The flower-faced bat (''Anthops ornatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is in the monotypic genus ''Anthops''. It is found in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea and in the Solomon Islands So ...

'' (one species;

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...

and

Bougainville Island Bougainville Island ( Tok Pisin: ''Bogenvil'') is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. Its land area ...

) *''

Asellia ''Asellia'' is a genus of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It contains the following species: * Arabian trident bat (''Asellia arabica'') * Somalian trident bat (''Asellia italosomalica'') * Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat (''Asellia patrizii'' ...

'' (four species; Africa and southwestern Asia; Miocene fossils from Europe) *''

Aselliscus ''Aselliscus'' is a genus of bat in the family Hipposideridae. , it contains the following species: * Stoliczka's trident bat Stoliczka's trident bat (''Aselliscus stoliczkanus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found ...

'' (three species; southeastern Asia and Melanesia) *'' Coelops'' (at least two species; southeastern Asia; Miocene fossils from Africa) *'' Hipposideros'' (more than sixty species; Africa, southern Eurasia, and Australasia; oldest fossils from the Eocene of Europe; includes ''Pseudorhinolophus'', sometimes considered a separate genus) *''

Macronycteris ''Macronycteris'' is a genus of bats belonging to the family Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rh ...

'' (five species, Africa and Madagascar) (Note that genus Paracoelops was previously listed for Vietnam is now a synonym of Hipposideros pomona)

Extinct

*'' Archerops'' (

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...

of Australia) *'' Miophyllorhina'' (Miocene of Australia)Archer et al., 2006, p. 7 *'' Palaeophyllophora'' (Eocene to Miocene of Europe) *'' Paraphyllophora'' (Eocene or Oligocene to Miocene of Europe) *'' Riversleigha'' (Miocene of Australia) *'' Vaylatsia'' (Oligocene of Europe)Ziegler, 2000, p. 652; Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3; cf. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 305 (excluded from Rhinonycterinae) *''

Xenorhinos ''Xenorhinos halli'' is a species of bat that existed in the early Miocene. It was discovered at a fossil deposit of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in the north of Australia. Taxonomy The description of ''Xenorhinos halli'' was publis ...

'' (Miocene of Australia)

List of species

Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart's leaf-nosed bat 1

Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart's leaf-nosed bat 3

* Family Hipposideridae — Old World leaf-nosed bats ** Genus ''

'' *** Flower-faced bat, ''Anthops ornatus'' ** Genus ''

'' — trident leaf-nosed bats *** Arabian trident bat, ''Asellia arabica'' ***

Somalian trident bat The Somalian trident bat (''Asellia italosomalica'') is a species of bat found in the Horn of Africa. Taxonomy The Somalian trident bat was described as a new subspecies of the trident bat (''A. tridens'') by Oscar de Beaux in 1931. De Beau ...

, ''Asellia italosomalica'' *** Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat, ''Asellia patrizii'' *** Trident bat, ''Asellia tridens'' ** Genus ''

'' — Tate's trident-nosed bats *** Stoliczka's trident bat, ''Aselliscus stoliczkanus'' ***

Temminck's trident bat Temminck's trident bat (''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (fren ...

, ''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'' ** Genus '' Coelops'' — tailless leaf-nosed bats *** East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops frithii'' *** Philippine tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops hirsutus'' *** Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat, ''Coelops robinsoni'' ** Genus '' Hipposideros'' — roundleaf bats ***

Aba roundleaf bat The Aba roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros abae''), also known as the Aba leaf-nosed batGreat roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros armiger'' ***

Dusky roundleaf bat The dusky leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros ater'') is a bat from the genus ''Hipposideros'' whose habitat extends from India and Sri Lanka to the Philippines, New Guinea and Northern Australia. This species is counted in the '' H. bicolor'' species ...

, ''Hipposideros ater'' *** Benito roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros beatus'' *** Boeadi’s roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros boeadii'' ***

Bicolored roundleaf bat The bicolored roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros bicolor'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. This bat inhabits caves, rock crevices and tunnels among lowland for ...

, ''Hipposideros bicolor'' *** Short-headed roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros breviceps'' ***

Sundevall's roundleaf bat Sundevall's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros caffer''), also called Sundevall's leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. These bats are very similar in appearance to the closely related Noack's roundleaf bat, and the two hav ...

, ''Hipposideros caffer'' *** Spurred roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros calcaratus'' ***

Greater roundleaf bat The greater roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros camerunensis'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map ...

, ''Hipposideros camerunensis'' *** Fawn leaf-nosed bat or fawn roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros cervinus'' ***

Ashy roundleaf bat The ashy roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros cineraceus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Taxonomy and etymology It was ...

, ''Hipposideros cineraceus'' ***

Large Mindanao roundleaf bat The large Mindanao roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros coronatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae endemic to the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Rep ...

, ''Hipposideros coronatus'' ***

Telefomin roundleaf bat The Telefomin roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros corynophyllus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, ...

, ''Hipposideros corynophyllus'' ***

Cox's roundleaf bat Cox's roundleaf bat or Cox's leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros coxi'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Borneo. All confirmed records are from Sarawak (Malaysia), but it might also occur in Kalimantan Kalimant ...

, ''Hipposideros coxi'' *** Timor roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros crumeniferus'' ***

Short-tailed roundleaf bat The short-tailed roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros curtus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and caves. It is thr ...

, ''Hipposideros curtus'' ***

Cyclops roundleaf bat The cyclops roundleaf bat or cyclops leaf-nosed bat (''Doryrhina cyclops'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in the forests of equatorial Africa. Description Cyclops roundleaf bats are relatively small, with adults ranging ...

, ''Hipposideros cyclops'' *** Makira roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros demissus'' *** Diadem roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros diadema'' ***

Fierce roundleaf bat The fierce roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros dinops'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands ...

, ''Hipposideros dinops'' *** Borneo roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros doriae'' ***

Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat The Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat, also known as Durga Das's leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros durgadasi''), is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to India. Its natural habitat is caves. It is threatened by habitat loss. Taxon ...

, ''Hipposideros durgadasi'' *** Dayak roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros dyacorum'' ***

Hill's roundleaf bat Hill's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros edwardshilli'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae endemic to Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy Hill's roundleaf bat was described as a new species in 1993 by Tim Flannery and Donald Colgan. The holoty ...

, ''Hipposideros edwardshilli'' ***'' Hipposideros fasensis'' *** Sooty roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros fuliginosus'' ***

Fulvus roundleaf bat The fulvus roundleaf bat or fulvus leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros fulvus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Taxonomy The fulvus roundleaf ...

, ''Hipposideros fulvus'' *** Cantor's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros galeritus'' *** Grand roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros grandis'' *** Thailand roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros halophyllus'' *** Kolar leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros hypophyllus'' ***

Crested roundleaf bat The crested roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros inexpectatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Indonesia. Taxonomy The crested roundleaf bat was described as a new species in 1954 by Eleanor M. O. Laurie and John ...

, ''Hipposideros inexpectatus'' *** Arnhem leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros inornatus'' *** Jones's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros jonesi'' ***

Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat The Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros khaokhouayensis'') is a species of bat found in Laos and Vietnam. It was described as a new species in 2006. It is considered vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN. Taxonomy and etymology The Ph ...

, ''Hipposideros khaokhouayensis'' *** Khasian leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros khasiana'' *** Lamotte's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lamottei'' ***

Indian roundleaf bat The Indian roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros lankadiva''), also known as the large Ceylon leaf-nosed bat or Kelaart's leaf‐nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, with marginal populatio ...

, ''Hipposideros lankadiva'' *** Intermediate roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros larvatus'' *** Large Asian roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros lekaguli'' ***

Shield-faced roundleaf bat The shield-faced roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros lylei'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in China, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Sociali ...

, ''Hipposideros lylei'' *** Big-eared roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros macrobullatus'' *** Maduran leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros madurae'' *** Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros maggietaylorae'' *** Aellen's roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros marisae'' ***

Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat The Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros megalotis'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical ...

, ''Hipposideros megalotis'' ***

Fly River roundleaf bat The Fly River roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros muscinus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Taxonomy The Fly River roundleaf bat was described as a new species in 1886 by ...

, ''Hipposideros muscinus'' ***

Malayan roundleaf bat The Malayan roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros nequam'') is a horseshoe bat found only in Malaysia. It is listed as a data deficient species. Taxonomy It was described as a new species in 1918 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. The holotype had ...

, ''Hipposideros nequam'' *** Philippine forest roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros obscurus'' ***

Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros orbiculus''), also known as the orbiculus roundleaf bat and small disc roundleaf bat, is a species of bat from the family Hipposideridae. The species has been found on the island of Sumatra in Indonesi ...

, ''Hipposideros orbiculus'' *** Biak roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros papua'' ***'' Hipposideros parnabyi'' ***

Peleng leaf-nosed bat The Peleng leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros pelingensis'') is a species of bat native to Sulawesi and other adjacent Indonesian islands. It has been recorded in Marus National Park and Lambu Sango National Reserve. Taxonomy and etymology It was d ...

, ''Hipposideros pelingensis'' ***

Pomona roundleaf bat The Pomona roundleaf bat, Pomona leaf-nosed bat, or Andersen's leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros pomona'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae that is endemic to India. Taxonomy It was described as a new species in 1918 by Danish mam ...

, ''Hipposideros pomona'' ***

Pratt's roundleaf bat Pratt's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros pratti'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Taxonomy and etymology It was described as a new species in 1891 by British zoolog ...

, ''Hipposideros pratti'' ***

Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat The Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros pygmaeus''), also called the Philippine pygmy leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it has been recorded on Bohol, Luzon (Camar ...

, ''Hipposideros pygmaeus'' *** Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros ridleyi'' *** Laotian leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros rotalis'' ***

Noack's roundleaf bat Noack's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros ruber'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found throughout tropical Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, and caves and other sub ...

, ''Hipposideros ruber'' ***''

Hipposideros scutinares The shield-nosed leaf-nosed bat or shield-nosed roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros scutinares'') is a bat from Laos and Vietnam. Taxonomy In their initial description for ''H. scutinares'', Mark F. Robinson and colleagues placed this species in the ' ...

'' ***

Semon's roundleaf bat Semon's leaf-nosed bat or Semon's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros semoni'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae.Van Dyke, S. and Strahan, R. (eds.) (2008) ''The Mammals of Australia'', Third Edition, New Holland / Queensland Museum, Bri ...

, ''Hipposideros semoni'' *** Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros sorenseni'' ***

Schneider's leaf-nosed bat Schneider's leaf-nosed bat or Schneider's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros speoris'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to South Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, caves, and urban areas. ...

, ''Hipposideros speoris'' ***

Northern leaf-nosed bat The northern leaf-nosed bat (''Hipposideros stenotis'') is a micro-bat of the family Hipposideridae, known as "leaf-nosed" bats. The species is endemic to northern regions of Australia. They are highly manoeuvrable in flight, and use echolocatio ...

or narrow-eared roundleaf bat, ''Hipposideros stenotis'' ***

Sumba roundleaf bat The Sumba roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros sumbae'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It lives in Indonesia and East Timor. It is present on the islands of Sumba, Rote Island, Rote, Sumbawa, Flores, Semau, and Savu. Taxonomy and et ...

or Sumban leaf-nosed bat, ''Hipposideros sumbae'' ***''

Hipposideros tephrus ''Hipposideros tephrus'' is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in forest and savanna in Morocco, Yemen, and Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: ...

'' ***

Lesser great leaf-nosed bat The lesser great leaf-nosed bat or lesser roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros turpis'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Japan. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. Subspecies *''H. t. turpis'': Yaeyama Islands, Ja ...

, ''Hipposideros turpis'' ***

Wollaston's roundleaf bat Wollaston's roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros wollastoni'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in West Papua (region), West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It was named after the explorer Sandy Wollaston. Taxonomy an ...

, ''Hipposideros wollastoni'' ** Genus ''

'' ***

Commerson's leaf-nosed bat Commerson's roundleaf bat (''Macronycteris commersoni''), also known as Commerson's leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat endemic to Madagascar. It is named after French naturalist Philibert Commerson (1727-1773). Bat populations of Africa or Sã ...

or Commerson's roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris commersoni'' ***''

Macronycteris cryptovalorona ''Macronycteris'' is a genus of bats belonging to the family Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rh ...

'' *** Giant roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris gigas'' *** Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed bat, ''Macronycteris thomensis'' ***

Striped leaf-nosed bat The striped leaf-nosed bat (''Macronycteris vittatus'') is a species of bat native to eastern and southern Africa. It was formerly considered part of '' M. commersoni'', which is now viewed as being restricted to Madagascar. Both ''commersoni'' an ...

, ''Macronycteris vittatus''

Notes

References

;Bibliography *Archer, M., Arena, D.A., Bassarova, M., Beck, R.M.D., Black, K., Boles, W.E., Brewer, P., Cooke, B.N., Crosby, K., Gillespie, A., Godthelp, H., Hand, S.J., Kear, B.P., Louys, J., Morrell, A., Muirhead, J., Roberts, K.K., Scanlon, J.D., Travouillon, K.J. and Wroe, S. 2006. Current status of species-level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa Special Issue 1:1-17. *Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009
Taxonomic revision of the genus ''Triaenops'' (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe
Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45. *Hand, S.J. and Archer, M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48(2):371–383. *Hand, S.J. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. ''Archerops'', a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139–1151. *Hutcheon, J.M. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):1–10. *McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. *Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.)
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. *Ziegler, R. 2000. The bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Late Oligocene fissure fillings Herrlingen 8 and Herrlingen 9 near Ulm (Baden-Württemberg). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 80(2):647–683. {{Taxonbar, from=Q604995 Bat families Taxa named by Richard Lydekker