High temperature lignite coke (BHT coke) is a

carbon Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes ...

-rich fuel that is produced from lignite by exposure to heat in the absence of oxygen (''

pyrolysis The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere. It involves a change of chemical composition. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements ''p ...

'').

History

Because

East German East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

industry urgently needed coke after the Second World War and the

anthracite coal Anthracite, also known as hard coal, and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the high ...

traditionally used for its production was found for the most part in western Germany, the two process engineers Erich Rammler and Georg Bilkenroth began researching and developing a metallurgical high-temperature lignite coke in 1949. This could be used for iron production, non-ferrous metallurgy and

carbide In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece. Interstitial / Metallic carbides The carbides of th ...

production. The two scientists of the Bergakademie Freiberg concentrated their research on the Lower Lusatian lignite and in 1952 were finally able to obtain a patent for Lignite high-temperature gasification. The coke was produced both as bulk material and in briquette form.

Production facilities

From 1952, the high temperature lignite coke was produced in the large coking plant ''VEB Braunkohleveredelung

Lauchhammer Lauchhammer ( dsb, Łuchow) is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the Black Elster river, approx. 17 km west of Senftenberg, and 50 km north of Dresden. History From 1815 ...

'' and later also in the coking plant at '' VEB Gaskombinat Schwarze Pumpe''. By-products of lignite coking are tar, medium oil and light oil as well as high-quality

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbon ...

50-year anniversary celebration

On 14 June 2002, former employees and cooperation experts were invited to Lauchhammer on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the First Coke Tapping, as reported by the "Zeitschrift der Lausitzer und Mitteldeutschen Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH" in its magazine LBMV konkret 4/2002, p. 7. {{cite web , url=https://www.lmbv.de/index.php/konkret.html?file=files/LMBV/Publikationen/Publikationen%20Zentrale/LMBV%20konkret/2002/Lmbvkonkret042002.pdf, title=LMBV - Sicherheit nach dem Bergbau , date=2 March 2021

References

Bibliography

*Bilkenroth/Rammler: ''Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines stückigen Hochtemperaturkokses von hoher Druck-, Abrieb- und Sturzfestigkeit aus Braunkohlenbriketts'' (Patentschrift Nr. 4630, 1952) *Herbert Krug, Karl Heinz Rentrop: ''Die Erzeugung eines hochfesten, grobstückigen Braunkohlehochtemperaturkokses (BHT-Koks) im einstufigen Verfahren nach Bilkenroth-Rammler – eine komplexe Aufgabe''. Bergakademie Freiberg 1991 * Erich Rammler: ''Mein Berufsleben, Teile I bis III, unveränderte Abschrift persönlicher Aufzeichnungen.'', erg. um die Beiträge: Angela Kießling u. Susanne Scholze: ''Der wissenschaftliche Nachlass Erich Rammlers in der Universitätsbibliothek der TU Bergakademie Freiberg''. Käte Rammler und Hans-Georg Friedel: ''Erich Rammler privat – Biographische Daten und persönliche Erinnerungen''. Freiberg, 2006; ISBN 978-3-86012-291-4 *Ganske-Zapf, Mandy; Grabowsky, Dennis; Kalimullin, Robert: ''Erfindungen aus der DDR'', Berlin 2018, S. 24ff., ISBN 3-95958-139-4 Coal