In
special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between Spacetime, space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, Annus Mirabilis papers#Special relativity,
"On the Ele ...
, hidden momentum or hidden mechanical momentum is the mechanical
momentum
In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (: momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. ...
(mass times velocity) that is unaccounted for by
Newtonian mechanics
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws, which provide the basis for Newtonian mechanics, can be paraphrased as follows:
# A body r ...
. The concept of "hidden momentum" has been used in answering "paradoxes" in
electromagnetism
In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interacti ...
and other problems, including the Shockley–James paradox, the Mansuripur paradox, and the
Aharonov–Casher effect.
See also
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Abraham–Minkowski controversy
The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908)
:* Wikisource translationThe Fundamental Equations for Electromagne ...
*
Aharonov–Casher effect
*
Four-force
In the special theory of relativity, four-force is a four-vector that replaces the classical force.
In special relativity
The four-force is defined as the rate of change in the four-momentum of a particle with respect to the particle's proper t ...
*
Four-momentum
In special relativity, four-momentum (also called momentum–energy or momenergy) is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum i ...
*
Relativistic mass
The word "mass" has two meanings in special relativity: ''invariant mass'' (also called rest mass) is an invariant quantity which is the same for all observers in all reference frames, while the relativistic mass is dependent on the velocity ...
References
External links
On the Definition of “Hidden” Momentum - Princeton Physics
Special relativity
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