The Hichiku dialect is a group of the
Japanese dialects
The of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital Kyoto), with the dialects of Kyushu and Hachijō Island often distinguished as additional branches, the latter ...
spoken in western
Kyushu
is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ...
.
The name ''Hichiku'' (肥筑) is constructed by extracting a representative kanji from ''
Hizen'' (肥前), ''
Higo'' (肥後), ''
Chikuzen'' (筑前) and ''
Chikugo'' (筑後), the names of old provinces.
* Hichiku dialect
**
Chikuzen dialect
The Chikuzen dialect (Japanese: 筑前方言 ''chikuzen hogen'') is a Japanese dialect spoken in western Fukuoka Prefecture in an area corresponding to the former Chikuzen Province. It is classified as a Hichiku dialect of the wider Kyushu dia ...
(western
Fukuoka Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Fukuoka Prefecture has a population of 5,109,323 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,986 Square kilometre, km2 (1,925 sq mi). Fukuoka Prefecture borders ...
, formerly known as
Chikuzen Province
was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of north and western Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikuzen bordered on Hizen to the east, and Buzen east, and Bungo to the southeast. Its abbreviated form name was (a ...
, includes the
Hakata dialect of
Hakata district in
Fukuoka
is the List of Japanese cities by population, sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since ancient times. ...
)
** Chikugo dialect (southern Fukuoka Prefecture, formerly known as
Chikugo Province
was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southwestern Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikugo bordered on Higo and Chikugo to the southeast, and Chikuzen to the north and east, Bungo to the east and Hizen to t ...
)
*** Ōmuta dialect (
Ōmuta)
*** Yanagawa dialect (
Yanagawa Yanagawa may refer to:
* Yanagawa, Fukuoka
* Yanagawa, Fukushima
* Yanagawa (surname)
* Yanagawa (film)
{{disambig ...
)
**
Saga dialect (
Saga Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. Saga Prefecture has a population of roughly 780,000 and has a geographic area of . Saga Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the northeast and Nagasaki Prefect ...
)
*** Karatsu dialect (northern Saga Prefecture centered
Karatsu)
*** Tashiro dialect (easternmost Saga Prefecture centered
Tashiro)
**
Nagasaki dialect (
Nagasaki Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan, mainly located on the island of Kyūshū, although it also includes a number of islands off Kyūshū's northwest coast - including Tsushima and Iki. Nagasaki Prefecture has a population of 1,246,4 ...
)
*** Sasebo dialect (northern Nagasaki Prefecture centered
Sasebo
is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. , the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a population density of 540 per ...
)
*** Hirado dialect (
Hirado Island
(also previously named Hiranoshima and Firando Island) is the 4th largest island in Nagasaki Prefecture, located in the Sea of Japan. The entire island and the part of the nearby Kyushu mainland is administered as part of Hirado city. The islan ...
, west of Nagasaki Prefecture)
**
Kumamoto dialect (
Kumamoto Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,748,134 () and has a geographic area of . Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture t ...
)
** Hita dialect (
Hita, southwestern Oita Prefecture)
** Iki dialect (
Iki Island
, or the , is an archipelago in the Tsushima Strait, which is administered as the city of Iki in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The islands have a total area of with a total population of 28,008. Only four (4) of the twenty-three (23) named is ...
of Nagasaki Prefecture)
**
Tsushima dialect (
Tsushima Island of Nagasaki Prefecture)
** Gotō dialect (
Gotō Islands
The are Japanese islands in the Sea of Japan. They are part of Nagasaki Prefecture.
Geography
There are 140 islands, including five main ones: , , , , and . The northernmost island is Ukujima.
The group of islands runs approximately fr ...
of Nagasaki Prefecture)
Common characteristics of this group entail among others:
-adjectives ending in -ka instead of -i
-the ending -u or derivations instead of -ku
-copula -bai and -tai
-particle -to instead of -no
-palatized pronunciation of -se- as -she-
References
{{Japanese language
Japanese dialects