''Heterophragma'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family

Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae () is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Lamiales commonly known as the bignonias or trumpet vines.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant ...

. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India.

Naming and classification

''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the Bignoniaceae, closely related to the following genera: '' Catophractes'', ''

Dolichandrone ''Dolichandrone'' is a genus of flowering plants Palaeotropical clade of the family Bignoniaceae; species have been recorded from tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia and the W. Pacific, with ''Dolichandrone alba, D. alba'' found in Mozambi ...

'', ''

Fernandoa ''Fernandoa'' is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae; species are found in tropical Africa, India and south-east Asia. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' includes: # '' Fernandoa abbreviata'' Bidgood - E Africa # ''Fernandoa adenoph ...

'', ''

Kigelia ''Kigelia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the trumpet vine family Bignoniaceae. The genus consists of only one species, ''Kigelia africana'', syn. ''Kigelia pinnata'', which occurs throughout tropical Africa and is cultivated elsewhere i ...

'', '' Markhamia'', '' Newbouldia'', ''

Radermachera ''Radermachera'' is a genus of about 17 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to southeastern Asia. They are evergreen trees reaching 5–40 m tall, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves, and panicles of large bell-shaped, ...

'', '' Rhigozum'', ''

Spathodea ''Spathodea'' is a genus in the plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, ''Spathodea campanulata'', is commonly known as the African tulip tree. The tree grows between tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It h ...

'', and ''

Stereospermum ''Stereospermum'' is a genus of trees in the paleotropical clade of the family Bignoniaceae. A species of ''Stereospermum'' (S. chelonoides) is used in herbal medicine in Ayurveda and is an integral part of the culture and tradition of the cold d ...

''; and to the Coleeae clade (which contains '' Colea'', '' Phyllarthron'', '' Phylloctenium'', and '' Rhodocolea''). The Coleeae clade species are found in Madagascar and surrounding islands, whereas the other genera are found in Asia, Africa and Madagascar. The influential Swiss botanist,

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss people, Swiss botany, botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple ...

(1778-1841) named the genus in 1845, in his publication '' Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis''.

Description

The trees, which can grow up to 20m tall, have whorled/verticillate arrangement of leaves, which are in 3 or four pinnate pairs. Upper side of the leaves are hairy/possessing trichomes, which are star-shaped/stellate.

Inflorescences In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis ( pe ...

/groups of flowers are in terminal thyrses (put simply, in a stalked arrangement at end of branches). Flowers are cream-white to pale yellow. Calyx are tubular and irregularly lobed. Corolla are tubular with unequal lobes, straight, cream-white to pale yellow in colour. The 4 stamen are shorter that the corolla, anthers are hairless, a single staminodium (infertile stamen structure) is adjacent to the stamens. Ovary is elliptical, lacks hairs and has many ovules per ovary chamber. Fruit are long cylindrical pods with woody valves. Calyx is not permanent on fruit. Seeds are broad and possess translucent wings.

Species

*''

Heterophragma quadriloculare ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' *''

Heterophragma sulfureum ''Haplophragma sulfureum'' is a tree in the Bignoniaceae family, found in four countries of Southeast Asia. The pods are used as tinder, while the wood is used for light construction and traditional medicine. Description The species grows as a 8 ...

'' The following former species have now been shifted to other taxa listed: *''

Heterophragma adenophyllum ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' = ''

Fernandoa adenophylla ''Fernandoa adenophylla'', Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Haplophragma adenophyllum'', is a species of flowering plant in the family Bignoniaceae that is native to the Andaman Islands, India (Assam and other states), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, ...

'' *''

Heterophragma chelonoides ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' = ''

Stereospermum chelonoides ''Stereospermum chelonoides'' ( Parul in Bengal region) is a deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. In Theravada Buddhism, this plant is said to have used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by third Buddha called "Sara ...

'' *''

Heterophragma longipes ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' = ''

Fernandoa magnifica ''Fernandoa'' is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae; species are found in tropical Africa, India and south-east Asia. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' includes: # ''Fernandoa abbreviata'' Bidgood - E Africa # ''Fernandoa adenophy ...

'' *''

Heterophragma macrolobum ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' = ''

Fernandoa macroloba ''Fernandoa'' is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae; species are found in tropical Africa, India and south-east Asia. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' includes: # '' Fernandoa abbreviata'' Bidgood - E Africa # ''Fernandoa adenoph ...

'' *''

Heterophragma roxburghii ''Heterophragma'' is a genus of two species of tree, constituting part of the plant family Bignoniaceae. The species are found in Southeast Asia and India. Naming and classification ''Heterophragma'' is part of the Palaeotropical Clade of the B ...

'' = ''

'' *'' Heterophragma suaveolens'' = ''

'' *'' Heterophragma vestitum'' = ''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q150930 Bignoniaceae genera Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle

Naming and classification

Description

Species

Further reading

References