''Heterodera'' is a genus of
nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...
s in the family
Heteroderidae. Members of the genus are obligate
parasites
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The en ...
and different species attack different crops, often causing great economic damage. The genus is unique among nematode genera because of the ability of the female to transform into a tough, brown,
cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac (like the manner in which water molecules group together to form a bubb ...
which protects the
eggs
An egg is an organic vessel in which an embryo begins to develop.
Egg, EGG or eggs may also refer to:
Biology
* Egg cell, the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms
Food
* Eggs as food
Places
* Egg, Austria
* Egg, Switzerland ...
which have been formed within her body. The name heterodera "refers to the different 'skins' of female and cyst."
Diversity
The following is a list of taxa in the genus ''Heterodera'':
* ''
Heterodera amygdali''
* ''
Heterodera arenaria''
* ''
Heterodera aucklandica''
* ''
Heterodera avenae''
* ''
Heterodera bergeniae''
* ''
Heterodera bifenestra''
* ''
Heterodera cacti''
* ''
Heterodera cajani''
* ''
Heterodera canadensis''
* ''
Heterodera cardiolata''
* ''
Heterodera carotae''
* ''
Heterodera ciceri
''Heterodera ciceri'' is a plant pathogenic nematode infecting lentils and chickpeas.
See also
* List of lentil diseases
* List of chickpea diseases
References
External links
Nemaplex, University of California - Heterodera ciceri
c ...
''
* ''
Heterodera cruciferae''
* ''
Heterodera delvii''
* ''
Heterodera elachista''
* ''
Heterodera filipjevi''
* ''
Heterodera gambiensis''
* ''
Heterodera glycines'', soybean cyst nematode
* ''
Heterodera goettingiana''
* ''
Heterodera hordecalis''
* ''
Heterodera humuli''
* ''
Heterodera latipons''
* ''
Heterodera longicaudata''
* ''
Heterodera medicaginis'', alfalfa cyst nematode
* ''
Heterodera oryzae''
* ''
Heterodera oryzicola''
* ''
Heterodera rosii''
* ''
Heterodera sacchari''
* ''
Heterodera schachtii''
* ''
Heterodera tabacum''
* ''
Heterodera trifolii''
* ''
Heterodera ustinovi''
* ''
Heterodera zeae'', corn cyst nematode
Genetics
GenBank
The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a par ...
contains
internal transcribed spacer
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript.
...
s sequences for the family, much of which is for this genus. Most of that has been generated by Sergei Subbotin and collaborators (Subbotin ''et al.'', 1999, Clapp ''et al.'', 2000, Subbotin ''et al.'', 2000, Zeng ''et al.'', 2000, Subbotin ''et al.'', 2001, Amiri & Subbotin 2002, Subbotin ''et al.'', 2003). Subbotin ''et al.'', 2003 suggests further analysis of this data will yield a large number of new ''Heterodera'' species.
References
External links
{{Authority control
Tylenchida
Plant pathogenic nematodes
Secernentea genera