Hermann Carl Albert Gutzmann, Sr. (29 January 1865 – 4 November 1922) was a German physician. He is considered the founder of phoniatrics as a medical discipline.

Early life and education

Hermann Gutzmann was born into a

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

family in Bütow,

Pomerania Pomerania ( ; ; ; ) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The central and eastern part belongs to the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, West Pomeranian, Pomeranian Voivod ...

, in 1865. His father, , was a prominent teacher for the

deaf and dumb Deaf-mute is a term which was used historically to identify a person who was either deaf and used sign language or both deaf and could not speak. The term continues to be used to refer to deaf people who cannot speak an oral language or have som ...

. He graduated from the in 1883, and went on to study medicine in Berlin under

Ernst von Bergmann Ernst Gustav Benjamin von Bergmann (16 December 1836 – 25 March 1907) was a Baltic German surgeon. He was the first physician to introduce heat sterilisation of surgical instruments and is known as a pioneer of aseptic surgery. Early life ...

, Carl Gerhardt, and others. He received the degree of

Doctor of Medicine A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated MD, from the Latin language, Latin ) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the ''MD'' denotes a professional degree of ph ...

from the

University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

in 1887, with the dissertation ''Über das Stottern'' ("On Stuttering").

Career

From 1889 Gutzmann practised as a specialist in diseases of the vocal organs, and, together with his father, he founded in 1890 the journal ''Medizinisch-pädagogische Monatsschrift für die gesamte Sprachheilkunde''. In 1891 he established an

outpatient clinic An outpatient department or outpatient clinic is the part of a hospital designed for the treatment of outpatients, people with health problems who visit the hospital for diagnosis or treatment, but do not at this time require a bed or to be admit ...

for the speech-impaired in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, which was moved to the Medizinische Poliklinik in 1907 and affiliated with the Charité Hospital in 1912. From 1896 Gutzmann also directed a private clinic and sanatorium for the speech-impaired in Zehlendorf. He completed his

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy, Poland and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excelle ...

in 1905 on the basis of his work ''Über die Atmungsstörungen beim Stottern'' ("On Respiratory Disorders and Stuttering"). In his , he outlined the close relationship of speech therapy to other areas of medical practice. During

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, Gutzmann ran a treatment centre for

traumatized Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the ...

soldiers who had developed speech and voice disorders. Gutzmann published 13 books and over 300 scientific papers in his lifetime. He was a member of the Prussian State Health Council, an honorary member of the Austrian Society for Experimental Phonetics, secretary of the Berlin Laryngological Society, and a member of various

learned societies A learned society ( ; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to al ...

. He died of

sepsis Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. This initial stage of sepsis is followed by suppression of the immune system. Common signs and s ...

in November 1922 after suffering a stab wound from a

gramophone A phonograph, later called a gramophone, and since the 1940s a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physic ...

needle.

Selected bibliography

* * * * With Theodor Simon Flatau. * * * * * * Translated by M. Ménier. * * * *

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Gutzmann, Hermann 1865 births 1922 deaths People from Bytów Physicians from the Province of Pomerania 19th-century German Jews 20th-century German Jews 19th-century German physicians 20th-century German physicians German medical writers German pathologists Jewish German scientists Jewish physicians Speech and language pathologists Physicians of the Charité Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Deaths from sepsis in Germany