Hermann Giesler
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Hermann Giesler (2 April 1898 – 20 January 1987) was a German architect during the Nazi era, one of the two architects most favoured and rewarded by
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
(the other being
Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of W ...
).


Life through World War II

Hermann Giesler was born in
Siegen Siegen () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg (region), Arnsberg region. The university town (n ...
and was the younger brother of Paul Giesler who later would become a ''
Gauleiter A ''Gauleiter'' () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a ''Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany, Gau'' or ''Reichsgau''. ''Gauleiter'' was the third-highest Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party, rank in ...
'' of the
Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...
. He served in the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
from 1915 to 1918 as a soldier in the
Imperial German Army The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Kingdom o ...
. He then worked as a bricklayer, carpenter and metalworker. He studied architecture at the Academy for Applied Arts in
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
(1919 to 1923) and at the
Technical University of Munich The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; ) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences. Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II ...
. Starting from 1930, he worked as an independent architect. In 1933, he became master of building of districts in
Sonthofen Sonthofen is the southernmost Town#Germany, town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is classified as a market town. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded ...
and, in 1937, became a professor. On 1 October 1931, Giesler joined the
Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...
(membership number 622,515). He was an early and enthusiastic Nazi. Up to 1938, he designed the "
Ordensburg ''Ordensburg'' (plural ''Ordensburgen'') is a German language, German term meaning a "castle of a (military) order". It is used specifically for the fortified structures built by Crusades, crusading German Military order (religious society), m ...
" in
Sonthofen Sonthofen is the southernmost Town#Germany, town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is classified as a market town. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded ...
; planned Gau Forums in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
and
Augsburg Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabia (administrative region), Swabia with a well ...
; and the "university" for the NSDAP at
Chiemsee Chiemsee () is a freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien (river), Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The ...
. In addition, he was commissioned to build Hitler's house in Munich. In 1938, he restored the , a 400-year-old Weimar inn. In December 1938, he was appointed by Hitler "General Building Inspector" for the reorganization of the city of Munich. Later, he also became a director in the
Organisation Todt Organisation Todt (OT; ) was a Civil engineering, civil and military engineering organisation in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, named for its founder, Fritz Todt, an engineer and senior member of the Nazi Party. The organisation was responsible ...
, then one of the directors of the Group of Works of VI (Bavaria, Donaugaue). Starting in 1941, after fellow architect
Roderich Fick Roderich Fick (16 November 1886 – 13 July 1955) was a German architect most prominent during the Nazi regime. Fick became professor at the Munich Technical University in 1935, designed the Munich residence of Rudolf Hess in 1936, joined th ...
fell out of political favour, Giesler was entrusted by Hitler with the reorganization of the entire city of
Linz Linz (Pronunciation: , ; ) is the capital of Upper Austria and List of cities and towns in Austria, third-largest city in Austria. Located on the river Danube, the city is in the far north of Austria, south of the border with the Czech Repub ...
. Beginning from 1942, he worked on plans and a large model for the Danube Development of the Banks. In August 1943, Giesler was appointed as a deputy to the '' Reichstag'' for electoral constituency 2 ( Berlin-West.. Starting from 1944, he also worked on designs for the cultural center, which Hitler regarded with particular interest. Giesler joined the Organisation Todt (OT) in 1941 as head of the
eponymous An eponym is a noun after which or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. Adjectives derived from the word ''eponym'' include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Eponyms are commonly used for time periods, places, innovati ...
"Construction Group Giesler" in the Baltic States, as head of the OT-Einsatzgruppe Russia North (1942–1944), and as director of the OT-Einsatzgruppe VI (Bayern und Danube Gaue). He was responsible for the construction management of the Weingut I, an underground armaments production facility, which was built by concentration camp prisoners (1944–1945). Throughout the war, Giesler and Speer had several heated arguments about architectural styles. In September 1944, Giesler was named one of the Reich's most important artists in the
Gottbegnadeten list The ''Gottbegnadeten-Liste'' ("God-gifted list" or "Important Artist Exempt List") was a 36-page list of artists considered crucial to National Socialist culture. The list was assembled in September 1944 by Joseph Goebbels, the head of the Mi ...
.


Post-war life

In 1945, Giesler initially was arrested by the U.S. military and interned as a Nazi, and charged in 1946. In 1947, he was indicted by a U.S. military court for war crimes in the concentration camp
Mühldorf Mühldorf am Inn (, ; Central Bavarian: ''Muihdorf am Inn'') is a Town#Germany, town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the Mühldorf (district), district Mühldorf on the river Inn (river), Inn. It is located at , and had a population of ab ...
, a subcamp of Dachau. Giesler was sentenced to life imprisonment, but on 6 May 1948 his sentence was reduced to 25 years imprisonment. On 7 July 1951, it was lowered once again to twelve years. Giesler was freed on 18 October 1952. He settled in Düsseldorf, where he worked in 1953 as an independent architect and author. Giesler never renounced his Nazism. He published autobiographical writings, which appeared both in right-wing publishers (see below), as a commitment to Nazism and Adolf Hitler. Giesler wrote ''Ein anderer Hitler'' (''Another Hitler''), a personal memoir about his relationship with the dictator. He died in 1987.


Literature

*''Another Hitler''. Report of architect Hermann Giesler. Experiences, discussions, reflections. Druffel Verlag, Leoni on the Starnberger Lake 1978 and *''Addendum''. From unpublished writings. Hermann Giesler. (Ed. Hermann and Dietrich p. Giesler), Heater & Halifa, Essen 1988 *Michael Früchtel: ''The architect Hermann Giesler''. Life and work (1898-1987). Edition of Altavilla, Tübingen 2008, (studies from the Institute of architectural history, art history, restoration with Museum of architecture, Technical University Munich, Faculty of architecture), (at the same time: Munich, tech. Univ., Diss., 2007). *Hartmut Happel: ''Allgäuer Ordensburg in Sonthofen''. Eberl, Immenstadt 1996, *Francis Albert Heinen: ''NS houses Vogelsang, Sonthofen, Krössinsee'', ch. links Verlag, Berlin 2011 *Peter Müller: ''The bunker site in the Mühldorfer Hart'' . Obsession with arms and human suffering. Home Federal, Mühldorf am Inn 1999, . *Ulrich Friedrich Obed: ''Siegerland and Wittgenstein in Nazi Germany. People, data, literature. A guide to the regional history''. 2. revised edition. History workshop, WINS 2001, (Siegen posts.) Special volume 2001). *Edith RAIM: ''The Dachau concentration camp outside commands Kaufering and Mühldorf''. Fort buildings and forced labor in the last war year of 1944/45 Landsberger Verlagsanstalt, Landsberg am Lech, 1992, (at the same time: Munich, Univ., Diss., 1991). *Roberto Spazzali: ''Sotto la Todt. Affari, service obbligatorio del lavoro, deportazioni nella zona d ' utilisation "Litorale adriatico". (1943–1945)''. Libreria Editrice Goriziana, Gorizia, 1998, (I leggeri-9), (to work in the southern area of responsibility of the OT group leader Hermann Giesler;) Mühldorf). *Gerdy Troost:'' Building during the new Kingdom''. Volume 1 Publisher of Gau Bayreuth Bayreuth, 1938. *''Siegerland national-Zeitung''. 29 October, 8 November, 14 December 1938. Central Office in Ludwigsburg, Germany, "Excerpt from the list of war crimes", 51, without signature *Ernst Klee: ''The cultural lexicon to the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945?'' S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, 2007, p. 183.


References


External links


The Artist Within the Warlord - An Adolf Hitler You've Never Known
at Archive.org
Photo of Giesler with Fritz Sauckel, ''Gauleiter'' of Thuringia, November 1938
{{DEFAULTSORT:Giesler, Hermann 1898 births 1987 deaths 20th-century German architects Architects in the Nazi Party German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945 People from Siegen People convicted in the Dachau trials Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military Technical University of Munich alumni