Henry Perrine Baldwin
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Henry Perrine Baldwin (August 29, 1842 – July 8, 1911) was an American businessman and politician on
Maui Maui (; Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ) is the second largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago, at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2). It is the List of islands of the United States by area, 17th-largest in the United States. Maui is one of ...
in the
Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the Hawaii (island), island of Hawaii in the south to nort ...
. He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded
Alexander & Baldwin Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. is an American company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company currently operates businesses in real estate, land operations, and materials and construction. It was also the last ...
, one of the " Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the
Territory of Hawaii The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ''Panalāʻau o Hawaiʻi'') was an organized incorporated territories of the United States, organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from Apri ...
.


Life

Baldwin was born on August 29, 1842, in
Lahaina, Hawaii Lahaina (; ) or Lāhainā is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. On the northwest coast of the island of Maui, it encompasses Lahaina town and the Kaanapali and Kapalua beach resorts. At the 2020 census (be ...
. His father was American Christian missionary Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), and his mother was
Charlotte Fowler Baldwin Charlotte Fowler Baldwin (November 7, 1805 – October 2, 1873) was an American missionary. She was a member of the Fourth Company of missionaries sent to the Hawaiian Islands by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Early lif ...
. He was named after Matthew LaRue Perrine (1777–1836), professor at Auburn Theological Seminary, from which his father had graduated shortly before his departure to the Hawaiian Islands. He attended
Punahou School Punahou School (known as Oahu College until 1934) is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school in Honolulu, Hawaii. More than 3,700 students attend the school from kindergarten through 12th grade. The school was established by P ...
in
Honolulu Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honol ...
and returned to Maui to become a farmer. First he tried to manage
William DeWitt Alexander William DeWitt Alexander (April 2, 1833 – February 21, 1913) was an educator, author and linguist in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii. He then constructed maps for the Territory of Hawaii. Early life Alexander was born in Honolulu ...
's rice plantation, but that failed. Instead by 1863 he went to work for his brother David (also called Dwight Baldwin, Jr) who had started a small
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...
farm. He hoped to earn enough money to go to medical school, but never left the sugar industry. He took a job as foreman (called ''luna'') of the Waihee plantation, owned by Christopher H. Lewers, under the management of Samuel Thomas Alexander. In 1867, he traveled to the West Coast of the United States. In 1869, Baldwin and Alexander became business partners and bought in the eastern Maui '' ahupuaa'' (ancient land division) called Hāmākua Poko. (This is not to be confused with the Hāmākua district of
Hawaii island Hawaii is the largest island in the United States, located in the state of Hawaii, the southernmost state in the union. It is the southeasternmost of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of volcanic islands in the North Pacific Ocean. With an area of ...
.) In 1870, they bought another and planted sugarcane. Baldwin had gone into debt to buy the land. They lived in an area called "Sunnyside" near the small Paliuli Sugar Mill, which had been built on the edge of Rainbow Gulch by Robert Hind. Alexander managed the larger Haiku Mill which had been constructed in 1861 by
Castle & Cooke Castle & Cooke, Inc., is a Los Angeles-based company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company at one time did most of its business in agriculture, including becoming, through mergers with the modern Dole F ...
, formed by two former missionaries. Alexander had married Martha Eliza Cooke, daughter of
Amos Starr Cooke Amos Starr Cooke (December 1, 1810 – March 20, 1871) was an American educator and businessman in the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was patriarch of a family that influenced Hawaii during the 20th century. Life Amos Starr Cooke was born in Danbury, Co ...
, a co-founder of Castle & Cooke. On March 28, 1876, Baldwin lost his right arm in an industrial accident at the Paliuli Mill. Trying to adjust the rollers, his fingers got stuck in the cane grinder, pulling in his right arm, and he almost died before it could be turned off and reversed to free him. A worker was sent to get the nearest doctor away to do the amputation. Within weeks, he learned to write with his left hand, and continued to play organ in his church with one hand. In a month, he was riding horseback in his fields.


Hamakua ditch

The
Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 The Treaty of Reciprocity between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Kingdom ( Hawaiian: ''Kuʻikahi Pānaʻi Like'') was a free trade agreement signed and ratified in 1875 that is generally known as the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. T ...
gave freer access to market for sugar exported to the United States. Although the Hawaiian Islands have a 12-month
growing season A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight. The growing season is that portion of the year in which local conditions (i.e. rainfall, temperature, daylight) permit normal plant growth. Whi ...
, a major problem with farming former
dry forests The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Though these forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive ...
was their wide extremes in precipitation. After a quick tropical downpour the intense sun can cause enormous growth. But there are often years with little or no rain at all in some places. Baldwin said one day during a drought he knelt down in the field and prayed for rain. It came, and he promised that if he ever became successful, he would make sure he would build a suitable monument. Alexander was more practical: his father had taught at
Lahainaluna School Lahainaluna High School is a public high school serving grades 9–12, located in Lahaina on the island of Maui. Operated by the Hawaii Department of Education, Lahainaluna High School is also a public boarding school. It was founded in 1831 as ...
where
irrigation Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has bee ...
ditches had been used for small private gardens since the times of
ancient Hawaii Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian history preceding the establishment in 1795 of the Kingdom of Hawaii by Kamehameha the Great. Traditionally, researchers estimated the first settlement of the Hawaiian islands as having occurred sporad ...
. Alexander noticed the
rainforests Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree Canopy (biology), canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropi ...
on the eastern (
windward In geography and seamanship, windward () and leeward () are directions relative to the wind. Windward is ''upwind'' from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is ''downwind'' from the point ...
) side of the island and upper slopes of
Haleakalā Haleakalā (; Hawaiian: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, als ...
received much more rainfall. The terrain in that area was too rough to plant, but they reasoned an aqueduct could bring water to the lower, flatter area of their fields.
William Harrison Rice William Harrison Rice (October 12, 1813 – May 26, 1862) was a missionary teacher from the United States who settled in the Hawaiian Islands and managed an early sugarcane plantation. Life William Harrison Rice was born on October 12, 1813, i ...
had irrigated a small
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...
plantation Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house, grow crops including cotton, cannabis, tob ...
in 1856, but this system would supply . Alexander arranged a survey, worked out financing from other planters to create the Hamakua Ditch Company and negotiated a two-year lease with the government of
King David Kalākaua King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by fi ...
to build the project starting September 30, 1876. With no engineering training, Baldwin supervised what became known as the Hamakua ditch while recovering from his injury. Sugar competitor
Claus Spreckels Claus Spreckels (July 9, 1828 – December 26, 1908) was a German-born American industrialist in California and Hawaii, during the Kingdom of Hawaii, kingdom and Republic of Hawaii, republican periods of the islands' history. He founded or was i ...
had obtained another lease from the Kingdom government, so unless Baldwin completed his system by September 30, 1878, the water would go to Spreckels. Besides actual ditches lined with clay,
sluice A sluice ( ) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. There are various types of sluice gates, including flap sluice gates and fan gates. Different depths are calculated when design s ...
s and
siphon A siphon (; also spelled syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes. In a narrower sense, the word refers particularly to a tube in an inverted "U" shape, which causes a liquid to flow upward, abo ...
s were used to cross several steep canyons. Baldwin would lower himself down into the gulches daily with his one remaining arm. Workers doubted that water would go down through a pipe and then go uphill on the other side. Water started to flow to the Castle & Cooke plantation in July 1877. Crossing Maliko Gulch with the pipeline was the last major milestone, since they could then irrigate their own fields. Alexander left for a trip to Europe on July 9, 1878, and left day-to-day management of Hawaiian operations to Baldwin. The project was over budget, but on-time and worked. Several other projects were added through 1923 to the system. The idea was copied over the years in projects on Maui and other islands. Irish civil engineer
Michael O'Shaughnessy Michael Maurice O'Shaughnessy (28 May 1864 – 12 October 1934) was an Irish civil engineer who became city engineer for the city of San Francisco during the early twentieth century and developed both the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) a ...
designed the Koolau Ditch in 1904–1905 and some similar projects using technology developed for railroad tunnels. He then returned to
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
and applied the idea to the
Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct Hetch Hetchy is a valley, reservoir, and water system in California in the United States. The glacial Hetch Hetchy Valley lies in the northwestern part of Yosemite National Park and is drained by the Tuolumne River. For thousands of years before ...
. Alexander and Baldwin consolidated these projects into their East Maui Irrigation Company. The East Maui irrigation system was declared a
Historic Civil Engineering Landmark __NOTOC__ The following is a list of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks as designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers since it began the program in 1964. The designation is granted to projects, structures, and sites in the United Stat ...
in 2002.


Growing the business

The irrigation projects became so profitable that the Alexander and Baldwin partnership was able to buy out other planters and enlarge their holdings. By 1877 Baldwin had the Hamakuapoko Mill built on the southwestern side of Maliko Gulch near the irrigated fields, . The Haiku mill shut down in 1879. The Paia Mill opened in 1880, In 1881 the Kahului Railroad allowed the sugar to travel by train to the growing port of Kahului. In 1882 Alexander moved to
Oakland, California Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, California, Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major We ...
and enrolled his children in the schools there. Baldwin and his family also visited California but returned in 1883 and he became manager of the Haiku plantation. He built another house near the former Haiku mill and started buying shares of the business. Spreckels used his vast financial resources to bring German Engineer
Hermann Schussler Hermann Schüssler or Schussler (August 4, 1842 – April 27, 1919) was a German civil engineer and designer of dams, famous for designing the Crystal Springs Dam and the Comstock water system. Early years Hermann F.A. Schussler was born in ...
to build his own irrigation system from 1878 to 1880, forming the Hawaii Commercial and Sugar Company. Spreckels also controlled the sugar refinery in California used for most Hawaiian sugar. Eventually Spreckels would sell out in 1898 and Baldwin would become a partner, and merge Haiku and Paia sugar companies into it. Baldwin managed HC&S personally from 1902 to 1906. In 1887 he traveled to England with brother-in-law
Samuel Mills Damon Samuel Mills Damon (March 13, 1845 – July 1, 1924) was a businessman and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii, through the Republic of Hawaii and into the Territory of Hawaii. Life Damon was born in Honolulu on March 13, 1845. His father was ...
to see the
Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria was celebrated on 20 and 21 June 1887 to mark the Golden jubilee, 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession on 20 June 1837. It was celebrated with a National service of thanksgiving, Thanksgiving Serv ...
. In 1888 he offered the foundation of the old Paliuli mill to his church, and a wooden frame building was built on the site where he lost his arm — his monument for answering his prayers. He also helped fund restoration of the Wainee Church of his father. In 1888, Henry Baldwin and a few businessmen from Honolulu formed the Haleakala Ranch, consisting of on the slopes of the dormant volcano
Haleakalā Haleakalā (; Hawaiian: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, als ...
. Piiholo Ranch is part of that acreage, now used for tourism. Henry Baldwin hired Louis von Tempsky to manage Haleakala ranch in 1899, and Louis' daughter
Armine von Tempski Armine von Tempski (or Tempsky) (1892, Maui, Hawaiian Islands – December 2, 1943, Fresno, California) was an American writer and one of Hawaii's best known authors. She was a granddaughter of Gustavus von Tempsky. Armine Von Tempski's autobiog ...
(1892–1943) wrote several novels and an autobiography about life on the Baldwin ranch. In 1889 the
McKinley Tariff The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by then-Representative William McKinley, that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost 50% ...
act raised
tariffs A tariff or import tax is a duty imposed by a national government, customs territory, or supranational union on imports of goods and is paid by the importer. Exceptionally, an export tax may be levied on exports of goods or raw materials and is ...
on sugar exported to the U.S. market, and its price dropped to two cents a pound. Baldwin took advantage of the lower land prices and built an irrigation project on
Kauai Kauai (), anglicized as Kauai ( or ), is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauai lies 73 m ...
island called the Hanapepe ditch for the Hawaiian Sugar Company. He moved his family to Kauai for a few months before moving back to Maui in 1893. In 1894 a partnership with Alexander became agent to sell the sugar in California. In 1900, the partnership became officially incorporated as
Alexander & Baldwin Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. is an American company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company currently operates businesses in real estate, land operations, and materials and construction. It was also the last ...
(A&B). With offices in both Honolulu and San Francisco, it acted as an agent for other plantations as well. Eventually A&B would evolve into a holding company for many other ventures, including shipping line
Matson Navigation Company Matson may refer to: * Matson (surname) * Matson, Gloucester, England, a suburb of Gloucester * Matson, Missouri, an unincorporated community * 2586 Matson, an asteroid * Matson, Inc., a shipping company, formerly Matson Navigation Company * Matson ...
. In 1899 he supervised another irrigation project at Kihei. In 1903 he built another house called Maluhia at a higher elevation near
Olinda, Hawaii Olinda is an agricultural and residential community on the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii, located approximately southeast of Makawao. It ranges in elevation from on the northern slopes of Haleakala. It is a census-designated place ...
surrounded by fruit trees. Keahua Ranch Company in 1909 became the Maui Pineapple Company. In 1905, he became an owner of ''
The Maui News ''The Maui News'' is a Wailuku, Hawaii based, daily newspaper covering the islands of Maui, Lanai and Molokai. History ''The Maui News'' began publication on February 17, 1900. Henry Perrine Baldwin became an owner of the ''News'' in 1905. '' ...
''. His descendants continued to own the paper until 2000.


Politics

After the
1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii Events January * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti- rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the United States Navy to lease Pearl H ...
raised the property-owning requirements of voters, Henry Perrine Baldwin was elected to the Kingdom House of Nobles from 1887 to 1892, and the Senate of the
Republic of Hawaii The Republic of Hawaii (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ''Lepupalika o Hawaii'' epupəˈlikə o həˈvɐjʔi was a short-lived one-party state in Hawaii, Hawaii between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii had Black Week (H ...
and
Territory of Hawaii The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ''Panalāʻau o Hawaiʻi'') was an organized incorporated territories of the United States, organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from Apri ...
1895–1904. He was a member of the foreign affairs committee, and inherited his father's concern for public health, using his own money to fund better homes in the
Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Kalaupapa National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in Kalaupapa, Hawaii, on the island of Molokai. Coterminous with the boundaries of Kalawao County and primarily on Kalaupapa peninsula, it was established b ...
. He introduced a bill proposing to outlaw employment of children under 13, but it was defeated. He was a member of the controlling Reform Party, which evolved into the
Hawaii Republican Party The Hawaii Republican Party (HRP; ) is the affiliate of the Republican Party (GOP) in Hawaii, headquartered in Honolulu. The party was strong during Hawaii's territorial days, but following the Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954 the Democrat ...
. He generally opposed the ruling King
Kalākaua Kalākaua (David Laʻamea Kamanakapuʻu Māhinulani Nālaʻiaʻehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua; November 16, 1836 – January 20, 1891), was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, reigning from February 12, 1874, u ...
, but never expressed support for the
overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii The Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown in a ''coup d'état'' against Queen Liliʻuokalani that took place on January 17, 1893, on the island of Oahu. The coup was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Ame ...
in 1893. He gave the speech nominating Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaole for Congressional delegate in 1902.


Family and legacy

He married Emily Whitney Alexander (1846–1943), sister of his business partner Samuel Alexander, on April 5, 1870. His sister Abigail Charlette Baldwin had married Samuel's brother
William DeWitt Alexander William DeWitt Alexander (April 2, 1833 – February 21, 1913) was an educator, author and linguist in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii. He then constructed maps for the Territory of Hawaii. Early life Alexander was born in Honolulu ...
(1847–1912) in 1861. Their first son
Henry Alexander Baldwin Henry Alexander Baldwin or Harry Alexander Baldwin (January 12, 1871 – October 8, 1946) was an American businessman and politician who served as Congressional Delegate to the United States House of Representatives representing the Territory o ...
(1871–1946), known as "Harry", became manager of the Haiku Sugar Company, which was merged with other plantations to become the Maui Agricultural Company in 1921. Harry was very active in politics, including serving as delegate to the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
from the
Territory of Hawaii The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: ''Panalāʻau o Hawaiʻi'') was an organized incorporated territories of the United States, organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from Apri ...
. Son William Dwight Baldwin was born October 25, 1873, graduated from
Yale Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges ch ...
in 1897, and then
Johns Hopkins Medical School The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the ...
in 1901. He returned in 1905 to practice medicine in Honolulu until 1914 when he became a rancher on Maui. He died October 30, 1943. Arthur Douglas Baldwin was born April 8, 1876, graduated from Yale and then
Harvard Law School Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United ...
1898–1891 He moved to
Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–United States border, Canada–U.S. maritime border ...
and practised law in his firm Garfield McGregor & Baldwin. His law partner
James Rudolph Garfield James Rudolph Garfield (October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950) was an American lawyer and politician. Garfield was a son of President James A. Garfield and First Lady Lucretia Garfield. He served as Secretary of the Interior during President ...
was son of President
James A. Garfield James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot two months earlier. A preacher, lawyer, and Civi ...
. He married Reba Louise Williams in 1902 and had five children. He wrote a biography of his father. He became a lieutenant of field artillery in
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and died in 1954. Son Frank Fowler Baldwin was born March 30, 1878, attended Yale but left in 1898. He started work as a field worker and eventually became President of Kahului Railroad in 1910, and of the Hawaiian Commercial Company (HC&S) when Henry Perrine died. In 1948 Frank combined HC&S with Maui Agricultural Company for a combined . He died February 6, 1960. Daughters Maud Mansfield (Baldwin) Cooke (1872–1961) and Charlotte (Baldwin) Rice (1884–1938) married descendants of other missionaries, Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), and Harold Waterhouse Rice, who also were in the sugar business. Cooke was grandson of Amos Starr Cooke and nephew of businessman
Samuel Gardner Wilder Samuel Gardner Wilder (June 20, 1831 – July 28, 1888) was an American shipping magnate and politician who developed a major transportation company in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Life Samuel Gardner Wilder was born June 20, 1831, in Leominster, ...
. Youngest son Samuel Alexander Baldwin was born August 30, 1885. He attended Punahou School, Oakland High School in
California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
, and
Yale Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges ch ...
in 1908. He married Katherine Smith in Honolulu, May 10, 1909. He became a champion polo player and managed Haleakala Ranch when von Tempsky retired. Samuel died July 21, 1950. In 1910 the Baldwins founded the Fred Baldwin memorial foundation in honor of their son Fred Chambers Baldwin (1881–1905) who died October 11, 1905, in New York City. From 1910 through
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
it supported an elderly housing facility. Since then it has made grants to the Maui community. Henry Perrine Baldwin had an operation for
appendicitis Appendicitis is inflammation of the Appendix (anatomy), appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and anorexia (symptom), decreased appetite. However, approximately 40% of people do not have these t ...
in January 1909 and traveled to California in the summer of 1911. He died a few days after returning on July 8, 1911. David Thomas Fleming (1881–1955) was manager of Baldwin's Honolua Ranch where he planted
pineapple The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a Tropical vegetation, tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been culti ...
in 1912. Fleming converted the cattle ranch to a pineapple plantation. This was the beginning of
Maui Land & Pineapple Company Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Inc. (ML&P, ) is a land holding and operating company founded in 1909 and based in Kapalua, Hawaii, United States. It owns approximately on the island of Maui. It develops, sells, and manages residential, resort, ...
, an industry that continued until 2009. In 1913 the Old Maui High School was built on the Mahakuapoka plantation land.
Henry Perrine Baldwin High School Henry Perrine Baldwin High School is a public high school in Wailuku, Hawaii. Serving in the major commercial, industrial, and municipal communities of the island of Maui, its curriculum offers a wide range of courses, including Advanced Placemen ...
was named for him in
Wailuku, Hawaii Wailuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in and county seat of Maui Island, Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 17,697 at the 2020 census. Wailuku is located just west of Kahului, at the mouth of the Iao Valley. In th ...
in 1934. The former superintendent's residence of a Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company sugar mill in Puunēnē is now the Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum. A Baldwin park is near the mill. In 1916 another new Makawao Union Church was built of concrete with stone veneer and is called the "Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church". Many Baldwin family members are buried in th
Makawao Cemetery
near him.
William Hyde Rice William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...
(son of William Harrison Rice and father of Harold W. Rice who married Charlotte Baldwin) and Henry Alexander Baldwin were among the notable speakers.


See also

*
Sugar plantations in Hawaii Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaiʻi by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778.Deerr, 1949 Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growt ...
* Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum


Family tree


References


Further reading

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Baldwin, Henry Perrine 1911 deaths 1842 births 19th-century American legislators 19th-century American businesspeople Hawaii state senators Hawaiian Kingdom politicians Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles Businesspeople from Hawaii People from Lahaina, Hawaii American amputees Hawaiian Kingdom businesspeople American politicians with disabilities Members of the Hawaii Territorial Legislature