Henry Manning was a spy in the exiled court of Charles II at

Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...

and

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

. He reported back to

John Thurloe John Thurloe (June 1616 – 21 February 1668) was an English politician who served as secretary to the council of state in The Protectorate, Protectorate England and spymaster for Oliver Cromwell and held the position of Postmaster General betw ...

, Cromwell's chief of counter-espionage. He was unmasked as a

mole Mole (or Molé) may refer to: Animals * Mole (animal) or "true mole" * Golden mole, southern African mammals * Marsupial mole Marsupial moles, the Notoryctidae family, are two species of highly specialized marsupial mammals that are found i ...

in 1655, prosecuted and executed by firing squad. J. P. Kenyon. ''The Stuarts'' (B.T. Batsford; 1958)

References

English spies Executed spies Cavaliers Executed British people People executed under the Interregnum (England) by firing squad Year of death missing Year of birth missing Executed English people 17th-century spies {{England-bio-stub