Henry Challinor (22 June 1814 – 9 September 1882) was a physician and politician in the

Colony of Queensland The Colony of Queensland was a colony of the British Empire from 1859 to 1901, when it became a State in the federal Australia, Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. At its greatest extent, the colony included the present-day Queensland, ...

Early life

Challinor was born in London, England. Studying medicine in London, where he became a

member of the Royal College of Surgeons Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely ...

in 1842, he emigrated to

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

in 1849 aboard the , on which he served as the ship's doctor. By April 1849, he had established a medical practice in

Ipswich Ipswich () is a port town and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough in Suffolk, England. It is the county town, and largest in Suffolk, followed by Lowestoft and Bury St Edmunds, and the third-largest population centre in East Anglia, ...

, where he later spent much of his life.

Church life

Dr Challinor was a founding deacon of the Central Congregational Church of Ipswich, appointed 25 April 1853. The church was a fiercely independent denomination refusing to accept any government subsidies or land grants.

Civic life

The Governor General of New South Wales appointed Henry Challinor to be a magistrate for New South Wales on 30 August 1858. The Governor General of New South Wales appointed Henry Challinor, Esquire, J.P. to be a coroner for the District of Ipswich on 20 October 1859. In January 1861 Dr Challinor JP conducted a magisterial inquiry into the deaths of at least three aboriginal people at Fassifern Station. He found "the said Aboriginals were wilfully and wantonly murdered on the twenty-fourth day of December last by Lieut. Wheeler and the detachment of

Native Police Australian native police were specialised mounted military units consisting of detachments of Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal troopers under the command of European officers appointed by British colonial governments. The units existed in va ...

on that day under his command; and also that John Hardie, Grazier of Fassifern was cognizant of this fact, yet endeavoured to prevent a judicial enquiry into the cause of the death of the said Aboriginals by falsely attesting that no blacks had been shot on that station as had been reported." Subsequent to that inquiry a Select Committee was established by the

Queensland Legislative Assembly The Legislative Assembly of Queensland is the sole chamber of the unicameral Parliament of Queensland established under the Constitution of Queensland. Elections are held every four years and are done by full preferential voting. The Assembly h ...

to report on the Native Police Force and the Condition of the Aborigines generally. Dr Challinor MP was a witness at the inquiry. Henry Challinor's evidence indicated his belief that Aboriginal people should be recompensed for the loss of their traditional hunting grounds. He gave evidence that he believed Aboriginal people, with the assistance of translators, should be treated equally to white people in the court system and in the area of education. When examined, he stated that he subscribed ten guineas a year towards the support of Mr Ridley as a missionary to the Aboriginal people. During his evidence on 8 and 9 May 1861 he stated:- "I must say distinctly that I consider the life of a black man to be quite as valuable in itself as that of a white man." Dr Challinor MP wrote a letter to the Chairman of the Select Committee with his recommendations as regards a "Protective Force for the interior". This letter was attached as Appendix D. of the report. In February 1862 Challinor examined the evidence in the cases of Billy Horton charged with rape and Kipper Billy with aiding and abetting. They were found guilty and sentenced to death. As a result of Challinor informing Justice Lutwyche of his findings, "Horton was pardoned and finally released from gaol on 2 April 1862 less than two months after his conviction. Kipper Billy, shot and killed, would have received a pardon if he had been a little more patient. A posthumous pardon has never been granted."

Political life

He was elected to the

in 1861 for the three member electoral district of West Moreton only to have his election annulled in May of that year. Challinor won the subsequent election and served the seat till 1863. He then moved to the seat of Town of Ipswich, where he served until he was defeated in 1868. In 1869 Dr Challinor was appointed the second medical superintendent of the Woogaroo Lunatic Asylum at Woogaroo ( Goodna) to straighten out a scandal. He left that position in 1872.

Later life

At one point in his life, Challinor was an officer of the Ipswich Light Horse military unit. Challinor died at Kangaroo Point,

Brisbane Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...

not unexpected, in 1882 and was buried in South Brisbane Cemetery. He was survived by his son Henry Binney McAll Challinor (–1926), who was the secretary to the Commissioners of Police, William Parry-Okeden and William Cahill. His son left behind a widow, two sons and three daughters. Challinor's cousin George Miles Challinor (1832–1888) was a chemist, also emigrating on the , before taking up land together to farm cotton. The Ipswich area plantation was named 'Yamahanto', later giving its name to the Ipswich suburb of Yamanto.

Legacy

As a result of the reorganisation of Queensland mental health services in 1968, the

Ipswich Mental Hospital Ipswich Mental Hospital is a heritage-listed psychiatric hospital at 3 Parker Avenue, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Works Department and built from 1933 to 1940. It is also known as Ipswich Hosp ...

was designated as a training centre for the intellectually disabled. In 1968 it was renamed Challinor Centre in honour of Dr Henry Challinor. Challinor Street, Ipswich Queensland was in existence from at least 1865, and was probably named after Dr Henry Challinor, or his relative George Miles Challinor who also arrived on the ''Fortitude''. On 4 March 1863 a certificate was issued to Henry Challinor Esquire by Governor Sir George Ferguson Bowen. The certificate appointed Henry Challinor as the surgeon in the Ipswich Rifles that formed part of the Volunteer Corps of Queensland. It stated: "Know you, that I, Sir George Ferguson Bowen, the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief aforesaid, Do, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested, under the Act of Council passed in the Eighteenth Year of Her present Majesty's Reign, and numbered Eight, hereby appoint you, the said Henry Challinor to be Surgeon in The Ipswich Rifles forming part of the Volunteer Corps of Queensland.". The certificate was #59 in the ‘Top 150: Documenting Queensland’ exhibition when it toured to venues around Queensland from February 2009 to April 2010. The exhibition was part of

Queensland State Archives The Queensland State Archives is the lead agency for public recordkeeping in Queensland, Australia. It is the custodian of the largest and most significant documentary heritage collection about Queensland. Established in 1959, Queensland Stat ...

’ events and exhibition program which contributed to the state's Q150 celebrations, marking the 150th anniversary of the

separation of Queensland The Separation of Queensland was an event in 1859 in which the land that forms the present-day state of Queensland in Australia was excised from the Colony of New South Wales and proclaimed as a separate crown colony. History European settlemen ...

from New South Wales.