''Dryandra'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in ''

Banksia ''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and woody fruiting "cones" and head ...

''. Published at

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

rank as ''Hemiclidia'' by

Robert Brown Robert Brown may refer to: Robert Brown (born 1965), British Director, Animator and author Entertainers and artists * Washboard Sam or Robert Brown (1910–1966), American musician and singer * Robert W. Brown (1917–2009), American printmaker ...

in 1830, it was set aside by

George Bentham George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996. In 2007, all ''

Dryandra ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'' is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus ''Banksia''. It was considered a separate genus named ''Dryandra'' until early 2007, when it was merged into ''Banksia'' on the basis of extensiv ...

'' species were transferred into ''Banksia'' at series rank, and the infrageneric ''Dryandra'' taxa, including ''D.'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'', were set aside.

According to Brown

In 1810, Robert Brown published the genus ''Dryandra'' in his ''

On the Proteaceae of Jussieu "On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae", also published as "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu", was a paper written by Robert Brown on the taxonomy of the plant family Proteaceae. It was read to the Linnean Society of London in the first qua ...

''. Thirteen species were published, including ''Dryandra falcata'' (now '' Banksia falcata''), but no infrageneric arrangement was proffered. Twenty years later, Brown published a further eleven species and the first infrageneric arrangement in his '' Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae''. By this time, Brown had observed the tendency in ''D. falcata'' for one of the two

ovule In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the sporangium, megasporangium), ...

s in each follicle to abort, thereafter developing into a winglike appendage to the seed separator. On this basis, he transferred the species into a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...

genus, which he named ''Hemiclidia'', from the

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''hemi'' ("half") and perhaps ''kleidos'' ("barrier", "means of closing"). ''Hemiclidia'' was retained in the 1856 arrangement of

Carl Meissner Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1 November 1800 – 2 May 1874) was a Swiss botanist. Biography Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 ...

, but discarded by

in his 1870 revision of the genus. Bentham correctly observed that the abortion of seeds occurs in other ''Dryandra'' species, and is a diagnostically unimportant character:

According to George

In 1996, Alex George published a thorough revision of ''Dryandra'' in preparation of his monograph on that genus for the ''

Flora of Australia The flora of Australia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 21,000 vascular and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens. The flora has strong affinities with the flora of Gondwana, ...

'' series. He segregated ''D. falcata'' and the newly published ''D. glauca'' (now '' Banksia glaucifolia'') into a subgenus based on their unusual follicles, which are small, hairy and pliable. Needing a name for the subgenus, George noted that ''Hemiclidia'' was available, and had an appropriate

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

in ''D. falcata''. He therefore demoted ''Hemiclidia'' to subgenus rank as ''Dryandra'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' (R.Br.) A.S.George. Its placement and circumscription in George's taxonomic arrangement of ''Dryandra'' may be summarised as follows: :Genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'') ::Subgenus ''

'' (24 series, 91 species, 39 subspecies, 23 varieties) ::Subgenus ''Hemiclidia'' :::''D. falcata'' (now '' Banksia falcata'') :::''D. glauca'' (now '' Banksia glaucifolia'') ::Subgenus '' Diplophragma'' (1 species) This arrangement remained current until 2007, when

Austin Mast Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently a professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University (FSU), and has been ...

and Kevin Thiele transferred ''Dryandra'' into ''Banksia''. They were not yet ready, however, to tender an infrageneric arrangement encompassing ''Dryandra'', so as an interim measure they transferred ''Dryandra'' into ''Banksia'' at

series Series may refer to: People with the name * Caroline Series (born 1951), English mathematician, daughter of George Series * George Series (1920–1995), English physicist Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Series, the ordered sets used i ...

rank. This minimised the nomenclatural disruption of the transfer, but also caused George's rich infrageneric arrangement to be set aside. Thus under the interim arrangements implemented by Mast and Thiele, ''D.'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' has been set aside.

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Dryandra subg. Hemiclidia * subg. Hemiclidia Historically recognized angiosperm taxa Plant subgenera Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)