Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
n
cinematographer
The cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the person responsible for the recording of a film, television production, music video or other live-action piece. The cinematographer is the chief of the camera ...
who worked on over 180 films during his career. He is often credited as Enrique Guerner in his later films. Gärtner was born in Radautz which was then part of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...
, but later became
Rădăuți
Rădăuți (; ; ; ; , ''Radivtsi''; ''Radevits''; ) is a town in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. According to the 2021 census, Rădăuți is the second largest urban settlement in the ...
in
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
. He entered the German film industry in 1915, and worked prolifically during the
silent era
A silent film is a film without synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, wh ...
.
As Gärtner was of
Jewish
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
descent, he was forced to flee Germany once the
Nazi
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
s gained power in 1933. He settled in
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, where he continued to work following
Franco
Franco may refer to:
Name
* Franco (name)
* Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975
* Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician, the "Grand Maître"
* Franco of Cologne (mid to late 13th cent ...
's victory in the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
. Gärtner was an influential figure in Spanish cinema, introducing elements of
expressionism
Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
and training rising filmmakers such as
Alfredo Fraile
Alfredo Fraile Lallana (April 25, 1912, Madrid, Spain – May 21, 1994, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish cinematographer and film producer.
Biography
Alfredo Fraile was best known in the film industry for his role as a producer, although he start ...
,
José F. Aguayo
José Fernández Aguayo (1911 – 11 May 1999) was a Spanish Director of photography, photography director. Throughout his career, he worked with some of the greatest Spanish film directors, such as Luis Buñuel and Fernando Fernán-Gómez.
L ...
The Black Spider
''The Black Spider'' is a novella by the Swiss writer Jeremias Gotthelf written in 1842. Set in an idyllic frame story, old legends are worked into a Christian-humanist allegory about ideas of good and evil. Though the novel is initially divide ...
Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (Maturity (psychological), maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as bei ...
The Most Beautiful Woman in the World
''The Most Beautiful Woman in the World'' (German: ''Die schönste Frau der Welt'') is a 1924 German silent film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lee Parry, Livio Pavanelli and Olaf Fjord.Krautz p.570 It premiered in Berlin at the Marm ...
'' (1924)
* ''
Lord Reginald's Derby Ride
''Lord Reginald's Derby Ride'' () is a 1924 German silent comedy film directed by Arthur Teuber and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts and Fritz Kampers.Krautz p. 107
Cast
* Ernst Hofmann
* Uschi Elleot
* Jutta Jol
* Ralph Arthur Roberts
* Karl Pl ...
The Woman with That Certain Something
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The ...
'' (1925)
* ''
Women of Luxury
A woman is an adult female human. Before adulthood, a female child or adolescent is referred to as a girl.
Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and women with functional uteruses ...
The Prince of Pappenheim
''The Prince of Pappenheim'' (German: ''Der Fürst von Pappenheim'') is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Mona Maris, Curt Bois and Dina Gralla. Bois' character of an ambitious young man was closely m ...
Song
A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usu ...
The Flame of Love
''The Flame of Love'' (US title), also known as ''The Road to Dishonour'' (UK title) and ''Hai-Tang'', is a 1930 British drama film, a love story between an Imperial Russian army officer and a Chinese actress. Directed by Richard Eichberg and ...
The Daredevil
''The Daredevil'' () is a 1931 German crime film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Hans Albers, Gerda Maurus and Mártha Eggerth.Bock & Bergfelder p. 105
The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Minzloff and Jacek Rotmil. ...
'' (1931)
* ''
Let's Love and Laugh
''Let's Love and Laugh'' is a 1931 British-German comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Gene Gerrard, Muriel Angelus and Dennis Wyndham.The Woman Between'' (1931)
* ''
Once There Was a Waltz
''Once There Was a Waltz'' () is a 1932 Cinema of Germany, German operetta film directed by Victor Janson and starring Mártha Eggerth, Rolf von Goth and Paul Hörbiger. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin with sets designed by the art ...
Typhoon
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least . This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, accounting for a ...
Last Stand in the Philippines
''Last Stand in the Philippines'' () is a 1945 Spanish biographical war film directed by Antonio Román. It is based on a radio script by Enrique Llovet, ''Los Héroes de Baler,'' and novel, ''El Fuerte de Baler,'' by Enrique Alfonso Barcones an ...
Doña María the Brave
''Doña María the Brave'' (Spanish: ''Doña María la Brava'') is a 1948 Spanish historical drama film directed by Luis Marquina and starring Tina Gascó, Luis Hurtado and Adriano Domínguez. It featured the Italian actress Miriam Di San Ser ...
'' (1948)
* ''
A Toast for Manolete
''A Toast for Manolete'' (Spanish:''Brindis a Manolete'') is a 1948 Spanish drama film directed by Florián Rey and starring Paquita Rico, Pedro Ortega and Manolo Morán. The film is a biopic of the celebrated Spanish bullfighter Manolete, who h ...
'' (1948)
* ''
Tales of the Alhambra
''Tales of the Alhambra: A Series of Tales and Sketches of the Moors and Spaniards'' is an 1832 collection of essays, verbal sketches and stories by American author Washington Irving (1783–1859) inspired by, and partly written during, his 1 ...
'' (1950)
* ''
The Great Galeoto
''The Great Galeoto'' (Spanish: ''El gran Galeoto'') is a 1951 Spanish drama film directed by Rafael Gil and starring Ana Mariscal and Rafael Durán.de España p.119
Synopsis
Ernesto is a young musician who, when his father dies, is forced to ...
'' (1951)
* ''
Devil's Roundup
''Devil's Roundup'' (Spanish: ''El cerco del diablo'') is a 1952 Spanish drama film directed by Antonio del Amo, Enrique Gómez, Edgar Neville, José Antonio Nieves Conde and Arturo Ruiz Castillo.Betz p.248
Cast
* Fernando Aguirre as Pescad ...
High Fashion
(; ; French for 'high sewing', 'high dressmaking') is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted high-end fashion design. The term ''haute couture'' generally refers to a specific type of upper garment common in Europe during the 16th to th ...
'' (1954)
* ''
He Died Fifteen Years Ago
''He Died Fifteen Years Ago'' (Spanish: ''Murió hace quince años'') is a 1954 Spanish drama film directed by Rafael Gil and starring Rafael Rivelles, Francisco Rabal and Lyla Rocco.
Synopsis
Diego Acuña was one of the children transferre ...
'' (1954)
* ''
Miracle of Marcelino
''Miracle of Marcelino'' (, "Marcelino, bread and wine") is a 1955 Spanish film written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, based on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda. It starred Rafael Rivelles, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don ...
It Happened in Broad Daylight
() is a 1958 German-language thriller film directed by Ladislao Vajda. The original screenplay was written by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, a Swiss playwright and novelist, and the first incarnation of the film is still acclaimed by critics.
Plot
Matth ...
'' (1958)
* ''
Back to the Door
''Back to the Door'' (Spanish: ''De espaldas a la puerta'') is a 1959 Spanish crime film directed by José María Forqué and starring Emma Penella, Amelia Bence and Luis Prendes.de España, Rafael. ''Directory of Spanish and Portuguese Film-M ...
You and Me Are Three
''You and Me Are Three'' (Spanish: ''Tú y yo somos tres'') is a 1962 Argentine-Spanish comedy film directed by ''Rafael Gil''.de España, Rafael. ''Directory of Spanish and Portuguese Film-Makers and Films''. Greenwood Publishing Group, Greenwood ...
'' (1962)
References
Bibliography
* Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. ''The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema''. Berghahn Books, 2009.
* Kinder, Marsha. ''Blood Cinema: The Reconstruction of National Identity in Spain''. University of California Press, 1 Jan 1993.