was a Japanese pathologist and archaeologist living in

Fukuoka is the List of Japanese cities by population, sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since ancient times. ...

Life

Heijiro Nakayama was born in 1871 in

Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...

City to a family of physicians. In 1874, he moved to Tokyo. During secondary school days, he was interested in archaeology and found remains, possibly, Yayoi pottery. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine,

Tokyo Imperial University The University of Tokyo (, abbreviated as in Japanese and UTokyo in English) is a public university, public research university in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1877 as the nation's first modern university by the merger of several Edo peri ...

and studied in Germany between 1903 and 1906. In the same ship was

Sunao Tawara was a Japanese pathologist known for the discovery of the atrioventricular node. Tawara was born in Ōita Prefecture and studied at the Medical School, Imperial University of Tokyo in Tokyo, graduating in 1901 and receiving his Medical Doctor, ...

, also a pathologist. Nakayama became Professor of Pathology, Kyushu Medical University of Kyoto Imperial University, now

Kyushu University , abbreviated to , is a public research university located in Fukuoka, Japan, on the island of Kyushu. Founded in 1911 as the fourth Imperial University in Japan, it has been recognised as a leading institution of higher education and resear ...

at age 35. Nakayama's elder brother, Morihiko Nakayama served as Professor of Surgery at the same school. Nakayama's students included a Chinese physician

Guo Moruo Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 – June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang, was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official. Biography Family history Guo Moruo, originally named Guo Kaizhen, was born on November 10 or ...

and Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto thanked Nakayama for his guidance in his paper which led to the name of

Hashimoto's thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. Early on, symptoms may not be noticed. Over ti ...

. Nakayama studied the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum.

Archaeology

In 1909, he was accidentally infected with pyogenic bacteria during an autopsy, but fortunately survived. Since then, he completely discontinued pathological studies and started archaeology.

, Professor of Pathology, pathologist of another department of Kyushu University undertook pathological studies.

Taishō era

During the Taishō era (1912–1926), he exclusively wrote in ''Kohkogaku zasshi'' (Jpn J Archaeology), and he was criticized that he monopolized this journal, although this journal was open nationwide. In the early years of the Showa era, upon hearing the criticism, he discontinued his studies and turned to angling near his home, along the Hakata Bay. After the war, he taught archaeology to Dairoku Harada upon his return from military service.

Archaeological achievements

* Designation of Genko Borui. There was a long line of stone defense structure along the

Hakata Bay is a bay in the northwestern part of Fukuoka city, on the Japanese island of Kyūshū. It faces the Tsushima Strait, and features beaches and a port, though parts of the bay have been reclaimed in the expansion of the city of Fukuoka. The ba ...

, constructed against possible attack of the

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...

and Nakayama named it Genko Borui in 1913. Previously it had been called Ishitsuiji. * He studied the site of King of Na gold seal, a national treasure of Japan which was given by China. It was discovered by a peasant on April 12, 1784, on Shikanoshima Island, Fukuoka. It is now stored in the Fukuoka city Museum. * Discovery of various remains now considered belonging to the Yayoi era. * Proposal of the site of Kōrokan, Japanese Government Foreign Affairs Site in Hakata. He proposed that it was in the Fukuoka Castle and this was verified after excavation in 1987.

Papers

* Historic remains around Fukuoka, Fukuoka Nichi Nichi Shimbun, 1912. * The value of Genko Borui(Long stone fort against another invasion by Mongolia) in Fukuoka Nichi NichiShimbun, 1913. (He named the remains Genko Borui. * The remains of the Intermediate Period (corresponding to Yayoi Period), Kokogaku Zasshi, Vol 7, Nr.10,11, Vol.8, 1,3, 1917–1918. * Kohrokan, the foreign affairs bureau of Japan, is in the Fukuoka Castle. Kohkogaku Zasshi, 16,1926,17,1927. (1926–1927)

References