He Quanhao () (839-870) was a general of the Chinese

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

, who ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern

Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...

Hebei Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...

) as its military governor (''

jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (, Old Turkic: Tarduş) or jiedu, was a regional military governor in China; the title was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissi ...

'') in ''de facto'' independence from the imperial government from 866 to 870 as its military governor (''

''), although he assisted the imperial government in suppressing Pang Xun's rebellion.

Background

It is not known when He Quanhao was born. His grandfather He Jintao, who had taken over Weibo Circuit after being supported by mutineers who had overthrown and killed the previous military governor Shi Xiancheng, and his father He Hongjing, had successively served as the military governors of Weibo.''

Old Book of Tang The ''Old Book of Tang'', or simply the ''Book of Tang'', is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdo ...

'', vol. 181. When He Hongjing died in 866, He Quanhao was serving as one of the military commanders, and the soldiers supported him to succeed He Hongjing. Then-reigning Emperor Yizong approved and made him acting military governor, and then, in 867, full military governor.''

Zizhi Tongjian The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (1084) is a chronicle published during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) that provides a record of Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main text is ...

'', vol. 250.

As military governor

In 868, when the rebel Pang Xun took over Xu Prefecture (徐州, headquartered in modern

Xuzhou Xuzhou ( zh, s=徐州), also known as Pengcheng () in ancient times, is a major city in northwestern Jiangsu province, China. The city, with a recorded population of 9,083,790 at the 2020 Chinese census, 2020 census (3,135,660 of which lived in ...

Jiangsu Jiangsu is a coastal Provinces of the People's Republic of China, province in East China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the List of Chinese administra ...

), the imperial government reacted by launching a three-pronged operations against Pang's rebels. The northern wing was initially commanded by the imperial guard general Wang Yanquan (), but Wang was later replaced by Cao Xiang () the military governor of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern

Jining, Shandong Jining () is a former capital of Shandong. Is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the nor ...

) in late 868. He Quanhao sent troops, commanded by his officer Xue You (), to assist Cao. The Weibo troops put the rebel stronghold of Feng County under siege, and repeatedly attacked it. When Pang himself made a surprise attack on the Weibo troops in summer 869, however, Weibo forces collapsed and were forced to withdraw and regroup, allowing the siege on Feng County to be lifted. Still, after Pang's rebellion was suppressed later that year, He Quanhao, for his contributions, was given the honorary titles of acting ''Sikong'' (司空, one of the

Three Excellencies The Three Ducal Ministers (), also translated as the Three Dukes, Three Excellencies, or the Three Lords, was the collective name for the three highest officials in Ancient China and Imperial China. These posts were abolished by Cao Cao in 208 AD a ...

) and ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi'' (). It was said that He Quanhao, who was still described as young at that point, was cruel in his punishment, favoring death penalties, and also whipped subordinates severely for even minor offenses. The soldiers thus feared him. In 870, with there being rumors that he would decrease the food and clothing stipends for the soldiers, the soldiers mutinied. He Quanhao tried to flee by himself on horse, but the soldiers tracked him down and killed him. They supported the officer Han Junxiong to replace him, and the imperial government subsequently agreed.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 252.

Notes and references

* ''

'', vol. 181. * ''

New Book of Tang The ''New Book of Tang'', generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the So ...

'', vol. 210. * ''

'', vols.

250 __NOTOC__ Year 250 (Roman numerals, CCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Traianus and Gratus (or, less frequently, year 1003 ''Ab urbe condita''). The den ...

251 __NOTOC__ Year 251 (Roman numerals, CCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, in the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Traianus and Etruscus (or, less frequently, year 1004 ''A ...

252 Year 252 ( CCLII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Trebonianus and Volusianus (or, less frequently, year 1005 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 252 for t ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:He, Quanhao 9th-century births 870 deaths Tang dynasty jiedushi of Weibo Circuit Politicians from Handan Tang dynasty generals from Hebei