or ' (from , ) is a title in

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

hierarchy. Depending on the suffix or prefix it had different meanings. The English language translation of the word is a ''

treasurer A treasurer is a person responsible for the financial operations of a government, business, or other organization. Government The treasury of a country is the department responsible for the country's economy, finance and revenue. The treasure ...

''.

Treasurer

The chief headed the personnel of the sultan's treasury. s subordinated to the chief had a title of . ''

Kalfa Kalfa ( Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the imperial palace. Novice girls had to await promotion to the rank of . It was a rank below th ...

'' is Turkish for 'apprentice'. was the title of the chief eunuch treasurer.

Lord (housemistress) of the sultan's palace and harem

The high or first or was a title for the housemistress of the sultan's palace, the most influential person after the prince. There were other s in the Ottoman hierarchy (the second, third...) who were subordinated to the first , hence referred to as ('superintendent'). Only the first could approach the sultan and other nobility, while the second, third and other s served the first .

Note

References

{{Reflist, 30em Ottoman titles Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire