Hayes Adlai Kroner

Hayes Adlai Ashby Clarke Kroner (October 20, 1891 – November 27, 1975) was an American soldier, diplomat, General, and Christian minister. For most of World War II, he ran an echelon out of the War Department called the Military Intelligence Service, which was integral for the Allied effort in winning the war against the Axis powers. He is a co-founder of " The Pond," intelligence agency, and also worked closely with the British in London around the time of the development of M.A.G.I.C., where he met Sir John Dill. He was a lifelong diplomat, representing the interests of the USA abroad. After the war, he returned to attache duties, and also went to work for the Philips company. He spent much of his life dedicated to building Christian bible study groups and organizations.

Early life

Kroner was born 1891 in the town of Winterville, Georgia, to parents Mr. and Mrs. FH Kroner. He lived in Atlanta for some time, and attended Georgia Tech, obtaining a degree in civil engineering.

In 1912, Kroner was Commissioned as a Lieutenant into the United States Army under the authority of President Taft. He was immediately stationed at the Presidio in San Francisco. Briefly in 1914, and again in 1915, Kroner was deployed to El Paso, Texas to participate in the Mexican Border War, returning to the Presidio at the end of each deployment.

On 6 July 1915, Kroner was ordered to Tientsin, China, with the 15th Infantry Regiment, to serve in his first appointment as a Military Attache. In Tientsin, he met an Englishwoman (born in China to English parents) named Hilda Way. They were married in September 1916, in Tientsin.

On 3 December 1919, shortly after returning from China, Kroner had been appointed the XO of Camp Funston. His home at the camp burned down, and his wife, baby son, and maid barely escaped with their lives."Army and Navy Journal and Gazette of the Regular Volunteer Forces." (1919) Volume LVII. Every single possession the couple owned was lost in the flames; family photographs, wedding presents, letters from friends, and especially many items they had brought with them from Tientzen. While they were being located new accommodations, they stayed with the family of Colonel William H. Tobin. They traveled briefly to Fort Riley where they stayed with Colonel Ralph M. Parker. They spent Christmas in the home of Colonel George Pullen Peed.

In May 1927, while Kroner was again stationed at the Presidio in San Francisco, he addressed the Association of the United States Army at the Los Angeles City Club about his experiences in China:

In May 1933, while Kroner was enrolled in postgraduate classes at the Army War College, he was transferred to the Army National Guard to serve as an instructor.

In August 1934, Kroner was appointed Assistant Military Attache to the American Embassy in London. His wife packed up their belongings at Hartford, Connecticut and joined him in London. From 1934 to 1939, Kroner served as the US Army military attache to London.

In 1939, Colonel Kroner was assigned as the Commander of Fort Brady, at which time he became the concurrent Commander of the Fort Brady Civilian Conservation Corps. He used his experiences in Europe to address on the children in that Corps that they should remain very unlike the youth of Germany, because "they follow a different star."

On 1 March 1941, Kroner was reassigned to London as a military observer. His responsibilities there involved coordinating American efforts in Britain with the British Chiefs of Staff, and "had made the highest contacts short of Prime Minister Churchill." Kroner at this time visited Bletchley Park to observe the codebreaking efforts of Alan Turing and his staff, in an attempt to gain for America intelligences from the British unit there.

In early June 1941, Kroner returned from England was advanced to the general department staff for the War Department to be the Chief of the British Empire Section for the G-2.Gilbert, James L. Finnegan, John P. "SRH 115: U.S. Army Investigations Into the Handling of Certain Communications Prior to the Attack on Pearl Harbor: Testimony of Brig. Gen. Hayes W. Kroner

''U.S. Army Signals Intelligence in World War II.'' In the middle of July, Kroner took over the management of the Intelligence Branch of the G-2 from the retiring Colonel C.H. Mason. He was made Chief of this branch on 17 September, In this role until December.

When Pearl Harbor was attacked, Kroner was relieved as Chief of the Branch and assigned Deputy to General Lee.

World War II

In March 1942, when the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) was established out of the former Military Intelligence Division (United States), Military Intelligence Division (MID), Kroner, already Chief of the MID, carried over to become the first Chief of the MIS. He remained in this posting for the majority of the war.

While in this position, he hired John V. Grombach to run an entirely new secret section of intelligence that would eventually come to be called " The Pond."

In September 1944, Kroner was brought before the Pentagon investigation into the intelligence failures leading up to the attacks on Pearl Harbor.

In 1944, Kroner was assigned as a military attache to Brazil, where he remained until 1945.

Retirement

Kroner wound up in some capacity working for the American Philips Company. Philips had approached the War Department when the Nazis had invaded the Netherlands, and offered to fully fund The Pond for the duration of the war.

Kroner moved to England. Kroner would regularly have dinner and tea with David K.E. Bruce. Dwight D. Eisenhower called him an old friend.

He died in England in 1975.

Religious group

While he was performing his duties at the War Department during the 1940's, Kroner would host Bible study and prayer groups on Tuesday evenings. In 1943, Kroner, Gordon Nichol, and Mr. Irwin H. Linton created the Officers’ Christian Union of the United States of America. OCU spread as members were posted around the world during World War II. After the war, he visited Annapolis to preach to the midshipmen and cadets of the service academies there.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kroner, Hayes Adlai
1891 births
1975 deaths
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia Tech alumni
United States Army generals
People from Clarke County, Georgia
Brigadier generals
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals of World War II
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
United States Army War College alumni