The 9th New York Infantry Regiment was an

infantry Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadl ...

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...

that served in the Union Army during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

. It was also known as the "''Hawkins'

Zouaves The Zouaves () were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army and other units modelled on it, which served between 1830 and 1962, and served in French North Africa. The zouaves were among the most decorated units of the French Army ...

''" or the "''New York Zouaves''."

Military service, 1861

In April 1861 with the secession of the Southern States and the calling up of volunteers by President

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...

Rush C. Hawkins Rush Christopher Hawkins (September 14, 1831 – October 25, 1920) was a lawyer, Union colonel in the American Civil War, politician, book collector, and art patron. He was mustered out of the Union Army in 1863 but served in the New York Militi ...

went to

Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It is located on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River. Albany is the oldes ...

, and volunteered the services of a company of New York Zouaves to the state. The governor of New York accepted the offer of the company, and also granted the authorization to Hawkins to raise a regiment of Zouaves. With this authorization in hand he returned to

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

and opened a recruiting office which soon had drawn over 2,000 volunteers, this large number of recruits quickly outgrew the size of the recruiting office. In early April the regiment moved to its new quarters at

Castle Garden Castle Clinton (also known as Fort Clinton and Castle Garden) is a restored circular sandstone fort within Battery Park at the southern end of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Built from 1808 to 1811, it was the first American immig ...

in New York City, where on April 23 and 27 the ten companies of the regiment were mustered into state service. After finishing their organization, the regiment was mustered into United States service on May 4, 1861, at Castle Garden by Captain S.B. Hayman of the 7th United States Infantry Regiment. On May 13 the regiment was officially numbered as the Ninth Infantry Regiment of New York Volunteers, by the War Department and New York Adjutant General's office. On May 15 the regiment boarded a barge that was towed by the steamer ''Young America'' and moved from Castle Garden to its new camp on

Riker's Island Rikers Island is a prison island in the East River in the Bronx, New York, United States, that contains New York City's largest jail. Named after Abraham Rycken, who took possession of the island in 1664, the island was originally under in ...

. This camp was designated as Camp Hawkins and the men arrived at the camp around 10 o'clock. It was here that they completed their training and were outfitted with their uniforms, arms, and equipment. On June 5 the regiment moved from Camp Hawkins and boarded two steamships which took them to the foot of Thirtieth Street along the

East River The East River is a saltwater Estuary, tidal estuary or strait in New York City. The waterway, which is not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, ...

, where they disembarked and marched up

34th Street 34th Street most commonly refers to 34th Street (Manhattan) 34th Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs the width of Manhattan Island from the West Side Highway on the West Side to FDR Drive on t ...

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, proceeding to the home of Mrs. A.W. Griswold where they were presented the national colors. They then moved to the home of Mrs. W.D. Moffatt where they were presented their regimental colors. After these presentations the regiment marched down the Avenue onto

Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street ** Broadway Theatre (53rd Stre ...

and down to Pier Four on the North River. Here the regiment began boarding the steamer ''Marion'', however it was found that the vessel would not be large enough to hold the entire regiment properly for the trip. With the men and equipment loaded onto the ''Marion'' she steamed out to a point between

Bedloe's Island Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the northeastern United States. Its most notable feature is the Statue of Liberty (''Liberty Enlightening the World''), a large statue by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi that was ...

and

Castle Williams Castle Williams is a circular fortification of red sandstone on the northwest point of Governors Island, part of a system of forts designed and constructed in the early 19th century to protect New York City from naval attack. It is a prominent ...

where she dropped anchor for the night. It was during this brief trip that the regiment suffered its first casualty when Albert "Tobe" Warren died after he fell overboard during that afternoon. The following morning (June 6) the ''Marion'' steamed down the river and dropped anchor off of

Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is the southernmost of the boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County and situated at the southernmost point of New York (state), New York. The borough is separated from the ad ...

to await the arrival of the additional transport required for the regiment. Shortly thereafter the steamer ''George Peabody'' arrived and 400 men of the regiment were transferred from the ''Marion'' to her. Once this was completed the two vessels set sail for

Newport News, Virginia Newport News () is an Independent city (United States), independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 186,247. Located in the Hampton Roads region, it is the List of c ...

. The regiment served at Newport News from June 8, 1861; Companies C, G and H at

Hatteras, North Carolina Hatteras is an unincorporated village and census-designated place A census-designated place (CDP) is a Place (United States Census Bureau), concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. ...

, from August 27, 1861; and the regiment at Hatteras from September 10, 1861. A detachment from Company F fought the Skirmish at Smith's Farm on July 5.

Military service, 1862

The regiment served in the 3d Brigade,

Burnside's North Carolina Expedition Burnside's North Carolina Expedition (also known as the Burnside Expedition) was a series of engagements fought along the North Carolina Coast between February and June 1862. The expedition was part of Winfield Scott's overall Anaconda Plan, which ...

, from January, 1862; at

Roanoke Island Roanoke Island () is an island in Dare County, bordered by the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It was named after the historical Roanoke, a Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the area in the 16th century at the time of English colonizat ...

, from February 3, 1862; in 4th Brigade, Hawkins' Coast Division (3d), 9th Corps, from March, 1862; in the 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 9th Corps, from July, 1862. With Gen. Burnside's force, the regiment arrived at Roanoke Island, early in February and was actively engaged in the battle there, losing 17 members. It participated in an expedition up the

Chowan River The Chowan River (cho-WAHHN)
, from the North Carolina Collection's website at the

Winton; returned to camp on Roanoke Island; was brigaded with the 89th N. Y. and 6th N. H. under Col. Hawkins; was in expeditions to

Elizabeth City Elizabeth City is a city in Pasquotank county, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 18,629. Elizabeth City is the county seat and most populous city of Pasquotank County. It is the cultural, economic and educational h ...

, and lost 75 men at South Mills. On July 10, the regiment was ordered to

Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Virginia, third-most populous city ...

, camped at Newport News, until September 4, when it moved to

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

, and to

Frederick, Maryland Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of municipalities in Maryland, second-largest ...

, on the 12th. Here it became a part of the

Army of the Potomac The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the Battle of ...

; was active at South Mountain and Antietam, with a loss in the latter battle of 233 killed, wounded and missing. After camping in detachments at various points, the regiment was concentrated at

Fredericksburg, Virginia Fredericksburg is an Independent city (United States), independent city in Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 27,982. It is south of Washington, D.C., and north of Richmond, Virginia, R ...

, participated in the battle there in December.

Military service, 1863

The regiment camped at

Falmouth, Virginia Falmouth is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stafford County, Virginia, Stafford County, Virginia, United States. Situated on the north bank of the Rappahannock River at the falls, the community is north of and opposite the city of Fredericksb ...

, until Feb. 1, 1863, except Co. F, which had remained as garrison at

Plymouth, North Carolina Plymouth is the most populous town in Washington County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,320 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Plymouth is located on the Roanoke River ...

, rejoining the regiment on Jan. 26. In February the 9th was ordered back to Suffolk, where it remained until May, the expiration of its term of service. May 6, 1863, the three years' men of the regiment, which latter had left for New York city, May 3, 1863, were assigned to the 3d Infantry. In April or May, 1863, the War Department authorized Capt. R. H. Morris of this regiment to organize a battery of members of his regiment, whose term of service had not expired. It was to consist of 110 men, but failed to complete its existence; 44 of the men assigned to the proposed battery deserted, the remainder were assigned to the 3d Infantry. The regiment was mustered out of United States service on May 20, 1863, at New York City, New York, following the expiration of its term of service.

9th New York Veteran Volunteers

With the mustering out of the 9th Regiment in May 1863, the governor of New York authorized Major Edward Jardine to re-organize them as the 9th New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and appointed Major Jardine as colonel of the newly organizing regiment. After several weeks of recruiting the command was organized into two companies under ex-Hawkins Zouaves officers William Barnett and James B. Horner. The two companies went into camp as a battalion at Fort Hamilton, New York, where training and recruiting was continued. From July 13 to 16, 1863, the City of New York exploded in several violent riots in reaction to the draft. The two companies were called out to help protect the city. In the ensuing fighting between soldiers and rioters, Colonel Jardine was severely wounded when he was shot in the hip. As a result of this wound, he was taken out of service for several months, and even after returning to the field was only able to perform light duties. The companies of the 9th Veterans acquitted themselves well in the action, and received notice in the reports of Colonel Winslow of the 5th New York Veteran Volunteers. On October 14, 1863, with the failure of the regiment to fully organize, the companies (under the command of Captain James B. Horner) were ordered to be consolidated into the

17th New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 17th New York Veteran Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the United States Army during the American Civil War. It was often referred to as the ''17th New York Veteran Zouaves'' and has been erroneously reported as using ...

, along with the men of the reorganizing 11th Veterans, 38th Veterans, and the "'' Union Sharpshooters.''" As such they were mustered into United States service as Company H (Captain James B. Horner) and Company I (Captain William Barnett) of the 17th Veterans. As for Colonel Jardine, he was mustered into service as Lieutenant Colonel of the 17th Veterans.

Casualties

During the regiment's term of service it suffered the following casualties. * Killed In Action: 2 Officers, 53 Enlisted * Died of Wounds: 0 Officers, 16 Enlisted * Died of Disease and other causes: 2 Officers, 27 Enlisted * Total: 4 Officers and 100 Enlisted

Commanders

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

Rush Christopher Hawkins Rush Christopher Hawkins (September 14, 1831 – October 25, 1920) was a lawyer, Union colonel in the American Civil War, politician, book collector, and art patron. He was mustered out of the Union Army in 1863 but served in the New York Militi ...

(1831–1920) 29 years old. Enrolled on April 23, 1861, at New York City, New York, for two years' service; mustered into service as colonel of the regiment on May 4, 1861, at New York City, New York; on detached service from August 26, 1861; absent, in arrest, from October 22, 1861; absent, in arrest, from November 5, 1861; wounded in action on April 19, 1862, at South Mills near Camden, North Carolina; commanding the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 9th Army Corps, in 1862; mustered out of service with the regiment on May 20, 1863, at New York City, New York; brevetted to the rank of brigadier general of United States Volunteers on March 13, 1865, for "gallant and meritorious conduct during the war of the Rebellion." (Commissioned as colonel on June 20, 1861, with rank from May 13th, 1861, original) * Lieutenant Colonel George Frederick Betts (1827–1898) 34 years old. Enrolled on April 23, 1861, at New York City, New York, for two years' service, at the age of 34; mustered into service as Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment on May 4, 1861, at New York City, New York; detailed to the regimental recruiting service from July 20, 1861; commanding the regiment from October 22, 1861; resigned his commission and was honorably discharged on February 14, 1862. (Commissioned as lieutenant colonel on June 20, 1861, with rank from May 13, 1861, original.) * Lieutenant Colonel Edgar Allison Kimball (1822–1863) 38 years old. Appointed as captain of Infantry in the United States Army on March 8, 1847; assigned to the 9th United States Infantry Regiment on April 9, 1847; brevetted to major on August 20, 1847, for his conduct in the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Mexico; honorably discharged from service on August 26, 1848, at Fort Adams, Rhode Island. Enrolled on April 23, 1861, at New York City, New York, for two years' service; mustered into service as major of the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment on May 4, 1861, at New York City, New York; promoted to lieutenant colonel on February 14, 1862; killed by Brigadier General

Michael Corcoran Michael Corcoran (September 21, 1827 – December 22, 1863) was an Irish- American general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a close confidant of President Abraham Lincoln. As its colonel, he led the 69th New York Regiment ...

, U.S. Volunteers, on April 12, 1863, at Suffolk, Virginia. (Commissioned as a major on June 30, 1861, with rank from May 13th, 1861, original; as lieutenant colonel on February 24, 1862, with rank from February 14th, 1862, vice Lieutenant Colonel Betts had resigned) * Major

Edward Jardine Edward Jardine (November 2, 1828 – July 16, 1893) was an American U.S. Army officer during the American Civil War serving with the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment under General Benjamin Butler and later the Army of the Potomac under ...

(1828–1893) 31 years old. Enrolled on May 3, 1861, at New York City, New York, for two years' service; mustered into service as captain of Company G of the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment on May 4, 1861; absent, sick, from December 18, 1861, to January 14, 1862; promoted to major on February 14, 1862; wounded in action on April 19, 1862, at Camden, North Carolina; on a leave of absence in June 1862; commanding the regiment from June 26, 1862; temporarily assigned to command of the 89th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment in September 1862; detailed as the post provost marshal of Suffolk, Virginia, from February 10, 1863; mustered out of service with the regiment on May 20, 1863, at New York City, New York. (Commissioned as a captain on July 4, 1861, with rank from May 13th, 1861, original; as major on February 24, 1862, with rank from February 14, 1862, vice Major E.A. Kimball was promoted) Appointed as colonel of the 9th New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment on May 29, 1863, for three years' service; seriously wounded in the thigh by a piece of lead pipe on July 17 (15th), 1863, at First Avenue and Nineteenth Streets in New York City, New York, during the Draft Riots, he was rescued by two young ladies who took him and two others to their home, he later escaped with their help to the home of a nearby surgeon by wearing civilian clothes; mustered out of service on October 14, 1863, at New York City, New York. Enrolled and was mustered into service as lieutenant colonel of the

on October 17, 1863, at Albany, New York, for three years' service; granted a ten-day leave of absence on account of physical disability on May 9, 1864; honorably discharged on May 10, 1864, to accept an appointment. (Commissioned as lieutenant colonel on December 29, 1863, with rank from October 14th, 1863, original) Appointed as captain of the 4th Company of the 2nd Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, to date from May 3, 1864; brevetted to the rank of brigadier general of United States Volunteers on November 2, 1865, for "gallant and meritorious services during the War of the Rebellion;" resigned his commission on April 12, 1866.

References

Citations

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * {{refend Infantry 009 1861 establishments in New York (state) Military units and formations established in 1861 Military units and formations disestablished in 1863