Havigannada Dialect

Havigannada, also called as Havyaka Bhaashe and Havyaka Kannada, is the dialect of Kannada spoken by Havyaka Brahmins in Malenadu and coastal region of Karnataka and Kasargod district of Kerala.

Characteristics

Havigannada differs substantially from mainstream Kannada, in terms of vocabulary, pronouns and verb-endings. It preserves many features of Old Kannada which are lost in other Kannada dialects. This is the reason why even native Kannadigas of other regions find it difficult to comprehend it.

In 1883, the dialect was described by James Campbell in the Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, where it was said to be Kannada spoken with a strong Malayalam influence. The Malayalam influence was assumed due to the similarities between the Havigannada dialect and Malayalam in terms of accent and words. For example, Havigannada uses ''eṅgaḷ‍'' for "our" or "we" and this is comparable to Malayalam ''eṅṅaḷ‍'' and Tamil ''eṅgaḷ‍''; similarly, ''naṅgaḷ'' is used for "we" in Havigannada, comparable to Malayalam ''ñaṅṅaḷ'' and Tamil ''nāṅgaḷ''. On the other hand, standard Kannada uses ''namma'' and ''nāvu'' for "our" and "we" respectively. This supposed Malayalam influence was then used as a basis to theorize that the Malayalam language was perhaps initially prevalent along the Kanara coast before it was settled by Kannada speakers from inland regions. However, this theory is not true as it does not explain the lack of Malayalam influence on other languages and Kannada dialects spoken along the Kanara coast.

It is now known that these similarities are not due to Malayalam influence but rather due to the fact that because Havigannada is closer to Old Kannada than the modern Kannada dialects are, it preserves many archaic features which are lost in other Kannada dialects but are parallelly preserved in Tamil and Malayalam.

The Havigannada spoken in Uttara Kannada differs from the Havigannada spoken in Dakshina Kannada. The Havigannada spoken in Dakshina Kannada is influenced by Tulu (due to its prevalence in South Canara) and Malayalam (due to its close proximity to Kerala). In some parts of Uttara Kannada, especially in Gokarna, where there is a high concentration of Havyaka Brahmin priests, a Marathi influence has been observed in terms of vocabulary: ''āi'' for "mother", ''pyele'' for "drinking glass", etc. This might be because of the patronage of Marathi clients who regularly come to Gokarna to have their religious rituals performed by Havyaka priests.

In Havigannada, /o/ and /e/ are pronounced /wa/ and /ye/ respectively when they occur at the beginning of a word. For example, ''ole'' (stove/fireplace) is pronounced /ole/ in standard Kannada but /wale/ in Havigannada; ''ondu'' (one) as /wandu/ and ''ele'' (leaf) is pronounced /ele/ in standard Kannada but /yele/ in Havigannada. This is also observed in other non-standard Kannada dialects.

The difference between Havigannada and standard Kannada is mainly observed in the inflection of verbs. For example, in standard Kannada, ''māḍalu'' means "n orderto do", which is an infinitive form. Havigannada uses ''māḍale'' or ''māḍule''. While standard Kannada uses ''ide'' for " tis", Havigannada uses ''iddu''. In standard Kannada, one would say ''avaḷu bandiddāḷe'' for "she has come" but in Havigannada it would be ''adu banju'' or ''adu baindu'' (the Havyakas of Uttara Kannada say ''banju'', while those from Dakshina Kannada say ''baindu''). The Havigannada spoken in Uttara Kannada bears a resemblance to Kundagannada, a Kannada dialect spoken in Kundapura and other Kannada-speaking regions of the Udupi district.

Havigannada has retained many words and features from Old Kannada. Some examples are the word ''kūsu'' which means "little girl" which comes from Old Kannada ''kūsu'' which means "little child/little girl". This word is not seen elsewhere in other Kannada dialects. The verb ''oragu'' in Havigannada means "to sleep" and is inherited from Old Kannada ''oṟagu''; this verb is likewise not seen elsewhere in other Kannada dialects.

Usage

It is spoken in the Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Shivamogga districts of Karnataka and the Kasaragod district of Kerala. In these districts, it is common in places where there is a higher density of Havyakas in relation to other places, such as Thirthahalli, Shivamogga, Sagara and Hosanagara in Shivamogga, Sirsi, Yellapur, Siddapura, Honnavar, Kumta, Bhatkal, in Uttara Kannada and Puttur in Dakshina Kannada. It is also spoken by Havyakas who are settled in metropolitan cities such as Bangalore, Mumbai, etc. In Bangalore, where a substantial percentage of Havyaka Brahmins have migrated to in the preceding decades, there is a language shift among Havigannada speakers towards Bangalore Kannada, especially among the younger generation who were born and brought up in Bangalore.

In some parts of Uttara Kannada District such as Kumta, Honnavara, Bhatkal, Sirsi, and Siddapur, neuter gender is often used instead of feminine gender.

Havigannada was partly used in Sandalwood films: ''Bettada Jeeva'', ''Nammoora Mandara Hoove'' and ''Naayi Neralu'', which was shot in and around Yana.

Examples

Pronouns

Verbs

Interrogative

References

External links

Oppanna.com : Havyaka / Havigannada Blog portal

{{DEFAULTSORT:Havigannada Dialect
Dravidian languages
Kannada language
Havigannada people