''Haustellum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With about 1,600 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Ne ...

, the murex snails or rock snails. Like many other genera within the Muricidae, the genus has been redefined several times. Ponder & Vokes (1988) and Vokes (1990) included American and Indo-Pacific species in ''Haustellum'', which differs from ''

Murex ''Murex'' is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1 ...

'' sensu stricto by lacking a labral spine. Petuch (1994) introduced ''

Vokesimurex ''Vokesimurex'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Species Species within the genus ''Vokesimurex'' include: * ''Vokesimurex aliquantulus'' Houart & Héros, 2015 * ' ...

'' for the American long-canalled ''Haustellum'' sensu Vokes (1990), such as '' Murex messorius'' Sowerby, 1841. Houart (1999) transferred 14 Indo-Pacific species and three subspecies of ''Haustellum'' in the genus ''

''. As currently defined, ''Haustellum'' is represented by eight to nine species. Members of ''Haustellum'' generally differ from those of ''

'' in having a globose and low-spired shape, a more rounded

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

, a smooth

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the ...

, a less deep anal notch, and no cord spine.

Species

Species within the genus ''Haustellum'' include: * '' Haustellum barbieri'' Houart, 1993 * '' Haustellum bengalense'' Bozzetti, 2016 * '' Haustellum bondarevi'' Houart, 1999 *'' Haustellum damarcoi'' Briano & Damarco, 2011 * ''

Haustellum fallax ''Haustellum fallax'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class com ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1901) * ''

Haustellum franchii ''Haustellum franchii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known ...

'' Bozzetti, 1993 * '' Haustellum haustellum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Haustellum kurodai'' Shikama, 1964 * '' Haustellum langleitae'' Houart, 1993 * '' Haustellum longicaudum'' (F. C. Baker, 1891) * '' Haustellum lorenzi'' Houart, 2013 * ''

Haustellum tweedianum ''Haustellum'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Like many other genera within the Muricidae, the genus has been redefined several times. Ponder & Vokes ...

'' (Macpherson, 1962): * '' Haustellum vicdani'' Kosuge, 1980 * '' Haustellum wilsoni'' D'Attilio & Old, 1971 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Haustellum bellegladeensis'' (E. H. Vokes, 1963) : synonym of ''

Vokesimurex bellegladeensis ''Vokesimurex bellegladeensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affi ...

'' (E. H. Vokes, 1963) * ''Haustellum bengalensis'' Bozzetti, 2016 : synonym of ''Haustellum bengalense'' Bozzetti, 2016 (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet) * ''Haustellum bobyini'' (Kosuge, 1983): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex bobyini ''Vokesimurex bobyini'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known ...

'' (Kosuge, 1983) * ''Haustellum brandaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) is a synonym for ''

Bolinus brandaris ''Bolinus brandaris'' (originally called ''Murex brandaris'' by Linnaeus and also Haustellum brandaris), and commonly known as the purple dye murex or the spiny dye-murex, is a species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, an edible marine gastr ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758)Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2009). ''Bolinus brandaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140389 on 2010-08-31 * ''Haustellum clavatum'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Haustellum danilai'' Houart, 1992: synonym of ''

Vokesimurex danilai ''Vokesimurex danilai'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known ...

'' (Houart, 1992) * ''Haustellum dentifer'' (Watson, 1883): synonym of Vokesimurex dentifer dentifer (Watson, 1883) * ''Haustellum dolichourus'' Ponder & Vokes, 1988: synonym of '' Vokesimurex dolichourus'' (Ponder & Vokes, 1988) * ''Haustellum elenense'' (Dall, 1909): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex elenensis ''Vokesimurex elenensis'', common name the (Santa) Elena murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Moll ...

'' (Dall, 1909) * ''Haustellum gallinago'' (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of '' Vokesimurex gallinago'' (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Haustellum hirasei'' (Hirase, 1915): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex hirasei ''Vokesimurex hirasei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known ...

'' (Hirase, 1915) * ''Haustellum kiiensis'' (Kira, 1959): synonym of '' Vokesimurex kiiensis'' (Kira, 1959) * ''Haustellum laeve'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Haustellum haustellum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Haustellum malabaricum'' (E. A. Smith, 1894): synonym of '' Vokesimurex malabaricus'' (E. A. Smith, 1894) * ''Haustellum mindanaoensis'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1841): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex mindanaoensis ''Vokesimurex mindanaoensis'', common name the Mindanao murex, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 59 mm and 114 ...

'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1841) * ''Haustellum multiplicatus'' (Sowerby, 1895): synonym of '' Vokesimurex multiplicatus'' (Sowerby, 1895) * ''Haustellum nobile'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of '' Murex pecten pecten'' Lightfoot, 1786 * ''Haustellum purdyae'' (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex purdyae ''Vokesimurex purdyae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class c ...

'' (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976) * ''Haustellum rectirostris'' (Sowerby, 1841): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex rectirostris ''Vokesimurex'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Species Species within the genus ''Vokesimurex'' include: * ''Vokesimurex aliquantulus'' Houart & Héros, 2015 * ' ...

'' (Sowerby, 1841) * ''Haustellum sobrinus'' (A. Adams, 1863): synonym of ''

Vokesimurex sobrinus ''Vokesimurex sobrinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 37 mm and 77 mm. The ovate shell has an acute ...

'' (A. Adams, 1863)

Paleontology

There is no record of extinct species in the geological register. The oldest member is the type species '' Haustellum haustellum'' from the Indo-Pacific province. It is recorded from the Miocene of Borneo (Beets, 1941), the Pliocene of Java, Indonesia and the

Plio-Pleistocene The Plio-Pleistocene is an informally described geological pseudo-period, which begins about 5 million years ago (Mya) and, drawing forward, combines the time ranges of the formally defined Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs—marking from about 5& ...

of the Malaysian Archipelago.

References

Schumacher C.F. (1817). ''Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés''. Schultz, Copenghagen pp. [IV] + 288 + 22 pl.
* Beets, C. (1941). ''Eine jungmiocäne Mollusken Fauna von der Halbinsel Mangkalihat, Ost Borneo''. Verhandelingen Geologisch-Mijnbouwkunig Genootshap Nederland en Kolonien. Geologisch Serie 13 (1): 1-218. * Houart, R. (1999). ''Review of the Indo-Pacific species of ''Haustellum'' Schumacher, 1817 and comments on ''Vokesimurex'' Petuch, 1994 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) with the description of ''H. bondarevi n. sp.'' Apex 14 (3-8): 81-107. * Merle, D., Garrigues, B. & Pointier, J.-P. (2011). ''Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae''. 648 pp., 182 colour plates, Hackenheim. . * Petuch, E. J. (1994). ''Atlas of Florida fossil shells''. 394 pp. Chicago. * Ponder, W. F. & Vokes, E. H. (1988). ''A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and recent Species of ''Murex'' s.s. and ''Haustellum'' (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae)''. Records of the Australian Museum, Suppl. 8: 1-160. * Vokes, E. H. (1990): ''Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic region, Part VIII - ''Murex'' s.s., ''Haustellum'', ''Chicoreus'', ''Hexaplex''; additions and corrections''. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 23 (1-3): 1-96. * Houart R. (2014). ''Living Muricidae of the world. Muricinae. Murex, Promurex, Haustellum, Bolinus, Vokesimurex and Siratus.'' Harxheim: ConchBooks. 197 pp. {{Authority control Muricidae