Hasanwayh (also spelled Hasanuya), Hasanwayh Al-Kurdi also known as Abu'l-Fawaris, was the Kurdish ruler and founder of the Hasanwayhid dynasty, ruling from 961 to 979. Hasanwayh supported the

Buyids The Buyid dynasty or Buyid Empire was a Zaydi and later Twelver Shi'a dynasty of Daylamite origin. Founded by Imad al-Dawla, they mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dyna ...

against the

Samanids People Samanid Samanid Samanid The Samanid Empire () was a Persianate society, Persianate Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim empire, ruled by a dynasty of Iranian peoples, Iranian ''dehqan'' origin. The empire was centred in Greater Khorasan, Khorasan an ...

which enabled him in gaining some power. He would ultimately control much of Lorestan, Dinavar,

Nahavand Nahavand () is a city in the Central District of Nahavand County, Hamadan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is south of the city of Hamadan, west of Malayer and northwest of Borujerd. Inhabited ...

, Daquq, Shahrazur and

Hamadan Hamadan ( ; , ) is a mountainous city in western Iran. It is located in the Central District of Hamadan County in Hamadan province, serving as the capital of the province, county, and district. As of the 2016 Iranian census, it had a po ...

and was powerful to such degree in which the Buyids refrained from disturbing him. The influence of Hasanwayh reached

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

Biography

Hasanwayh was the son of a certain Husayn and was from the

Kurd Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

ish tribe of Barzikani. By 961, Hasanwayh managed to capture several fortresses, thus starting the Hasanwayhid dynasty. He managed to successfully resist Sahlan ibn Musafir, the

Buyid The Buyid dynasty or Buyid Empire was a Zaydi and later Twelver Shi'a dynasty of Daylamite origin. Founded by Imad al-Dawla, they mainly ruled over central and southern Iran and Iraq from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dyna ...

governor of

, and the Buyid ''

vizier A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a help ...

'',

Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid Abu 'l-Fadl Muhammad ibn Abi Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Katib, commonly known after his father as Ibn al-'Amid (died 970) was a Persian statesman who served as the ''vizier'' of the Buyid ruler Rukn al-Dawla for thirty years, from 940 ...

. In 970 he reached a compromise with Abu 'l-Fadl's successor which guaranteed his autonomy in return for a tribute of 50,000

dinar The dinar () is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (''dīnār''), which was bor ...

s. On September 16, 976,

Rukn al-Dawla Hasan (died September 976), better known by his ''laqab'' as Rukn al-Dawla ( Persian: رکن‌الدوله دیلمی), was the first Buyid amir of northern and central Iran (c. 935–976). He was the son of Buya. Struggle for power Hasan was ...

, the Buyid ruler of

Jibal Jibāl (), also al-Jabal (), was the name given by the Arabs to a region and province located in western Iran, under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Its name means "the Mountains", being the plural of ''jabal'' ("mountain, hill"), highlight ...

, died. After his death, Izz al-Dawla, the Buyid ruler of

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

, prepared to take revenge against Rukn al-Dawla's son Adud al-Dawla, who had tried to depose him. Izz al-Dawla made an alliance with

Fakhr al-Dawla Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Hasan (), better known by his ''laqab'' of Fakhr al-Dawla (, "Pride of the Dynasty") (died October or November 997) was the Buyid amir of Jibal (976–980, 984–997), Hamadan (984–997) and Gurgan and Tabaristan (984� ...

, the brother of Adud al-Dawla and his father's successor to the territories in Hamadan. He also made an alliance with the

Hamdanids The Hamdanid dynasty () was a Islam, Shia Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled modern day Northern Mesopotamia and Bilad al-Sham , Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib tribe of Mesopotamia and Arabia. History Origin ...

prevailing in northern Iraq, and with Hasanwayh. However,

Mu'ayyad al-Dawla Abu Mansur Buya (; died 983), better known by his laqab, honorific title of Mu'ayyad al-Dawla () was the Buyid amir of Hamadan (976–983), Jibal (977–983), Tabaristan (980–983), and Gorgan (981–983). He was the third son of Rukn al-Dawla. ...

, the third son of Rukn al-Dawla, remained loyal to Adud al-Dawla. Adud al-Dawla managed to defeat Izz al-Dawla and his allies. Hasanwayh then made peace with Adud al-Dawla, and was spared by him. Hasanwayh later died in 979 at Sarmaj, located in the south of Bisitun. A civil war shortly ensued among his sons, while the Buyid civil war continued between Adud al-Dawla and Fakhr al-Dawla. Adud al-Dawla emerged victorious, and expelled Fakhr al-Dawla from the Buyid territories. Adud al-Dawla then had all Hasanwayh's sons executed, except one named Badr ibn Hasanwayh, whom he appointed ruler of the Hasanwayhid dynasty.

Sources

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References

{{reflist 10th-century monarchs in the Middle East Kurdish rulers 979 deaths Year of birth missing 10th-century Kurdish people