Hasan Enver Pasha, (; 1857,

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

– 1929,

) was an Ottoman Turkish general.

Personal life

He was the son of

Mustafa Celalettin Pasha Mustafa Celalettin Pasha, born as Konstanty Borzęcki (April 10, 1826 in Modrzewiec, Piotrków County – 1876 in Novoselë, Kolonjë), was a participant in Polish people, Polish uprisings and later an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman pasha, a strategist, ...

a Polish convert to

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

, who fled to the Ottoman Empire after a failed Polish uprising against Prussia, who joined the Ottoman army under the name "''Mustafa Celaleddin".'' His mother was the daughter of Omer Pasha. After graduating from

Galatasaray High School Galatasaray High School (, ), established in Istanbul in 1481, is the oldest and Selective school, highly selective high school in Turkey. It is also the second-oldest Turkish educational institution after Istanbul University, which was establi ...

he studied engineering in Paris. He married Leyla Hanım, a daughter of

Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal) Mehmed Ali Pasha (November 18, 1827 – September 7, 1878Osman Selim Kocahanoğlu, "Bir Osmanlı Ailesi ve Ali Fuad Cebesoy", ''Ali Fuat Cebesoy'un Arşivinden Askeri ve Siyasi Belgeler'', Temel Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005, , p. 13. ) was a Pr ...

. They had five children: Celile who became the mother of

Nâzım Hikmet Mehmed Nâzım Ran (17 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), Note: 403 Forbidden error received 10 October 2022. commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (), was a Turkish people, Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist. ...

, Münevver who became the mother of Oktay Rıfat Horozcu, Mustafa Celalettin, Mehmet Ali, and Sara.

Military Life

After graduating the

Turkish Military Academy The Turkish Military Academy () or as it is known historically and popularly Harbiye is a four-year co-educational military academy and part of the National Defense University (Turkey), National Defence University. It is located in the cent ...

, he became an Ottoman officer like his father. His first assignment was as an attaché for Austria. He became the commander of the unit stationed at

Volos Volos (; ) is a coastal port city in Thessaly situated midway on the Greek mainland, about north of Athens and south of Thessaloniki. It is the capital of the Magnesia (regional unit), Magnesia regional unit of the Thessaly Region. Volos ...

, after the capture of the city in 1897. He was sent to observe the

Cuban War of Independence The Cuban War of Independence (), also known in Cuba as the Necessary War (), fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Litt ...

in 1898, it is said that was to gain experience to use in the similar position in Crete at the time. In 1901, he led an expedition to deliver Islamic and pan-Islamic messages to the Muslims of China who interfered in the

Boxer Rebellion The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious F ...

Later life and works

After retiring, he founded a school in Erenköy. He also wrote articles on Turkish history for a magazine. A book on Havana was partially based on his experiences.{{Cite book , last=Abascal , first=Ernesto Gomez , title=Havana'da Türk Tutkusu 1898 , publisher=Everest , isbn=978-9752895768 He died in 1929 at Istanbul.

References

1857 births 1929 deaths Pashas 19th-century Ottoman military personnel