Harry Fenn

Harry Fenn (September 14, 1837 – April 22, 1911) was an English-born American illustrator, landscape painter, etcher, and wood engraver. From 1870 to around 1895 he was the most prominent landscape illustrator in the United States. He is also noted for his illustrations of Egypt, Palestine and the Sinai.

Biography

Fenn was born at Richmond, near London, England in 1837. He started as a wood engraver, serving and apprenticeship with the firm Dalziel of London, and soon turned to drawing for illustration and watercolor painting. In 1857, he made a trip to the U.S. to see the Niagara Falls and settled in New York where he worked first as a wood engraver. In 1862, he married Marian Thompson of Brooklyn. After an extended wedding trip to England and Italy, where Fenn studied painting, he focused on illustration in New York.

Fenn settled in Montclair, New Jersey, around 1865. His first highly successful commission was to illustrate John Greenleaf Whittier's ''Snow-Bound'' published by Boston's Ticknor and Fields in 1867 for the Christmas trade (dated 1868). Its tiny images apparently opened the eyes of many to the artistic possibilities of wood engravings, and it is often referred to as the "first gift book published in America," although it had predecessors. Fenn is best known for the engravings he contributed with his friend Douglas Woodward to three massive books filled with wood and steel engravings that were published by New York's D. Appleton and Co.: ''Picturesque America'' (1872–74), edited by William Cullen Bryant, which started as a serial in ''Appleton's Journal'' in 1870; '' Picturesque Europe'' (1875–79), and ''Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt'' (1881–84). Other artists contributed to each of these books, but Fenn was the most prolific contributor, and his innovative page designs combining image and text popularized this approach. Fenn and his family lived in England from 1873 to 1881 while Fenn worked on ''Picturesque Europe'' and ''Picturesque Palestine''.

After returning to the U.S. in 1881, Fenn was a sought-after illustrator for the leading illustrator periodicals, ''Century Magazine,'' "Harper's Monthly," "Harper's Weekly," and ''Scribner's.'' He was commissioned to illustrate landscape throughout the world and the U.S. as well as to produce depictions of architecture and plant life. As the technologies for printing illustrations changed, Fenn adapted, producing ink drawings for reproduction as process line cuts and later watercolors for reproduction as halftones. He also contributed to numerous books of poetry. An edition of ''Gray's Elegy in a Country Churchyard'' published by Roberts Brothers in 1884 was stamped "Harry Fenn Edition" on the front cover. He was also the sole illustrator of an edition of Tennyson's "In Memoriam", published by Fords, Howard and Hulbert in 1897, in a very different style from his earlier designs for poetry.

Throughout his career Fenn prepared watercolors for exhibition and sale. He was among the founding members of the American Watercolor Society, attending the second meeting in 1867, and he regularly participated in their exhibitions. He was a member of the New York Watercolor Club, the Society of Illustrators, and the Salmagundi Club. He exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1864 and at the Brooklyn Art Association between 1864 and 1885. He exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876 and at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, where he was awarded a medal. Fenn died on April 22, 1911, at his home in Montclair, where he had lived since 1881.

Work

Fenn's works reached a wide audience and popularized publications with illustrations, expanding the field for other artists. As Sue Rainey wrote in her book ''Creating a World on Paper: Harry Fenn's Career in Art'': "Fenn's dynamic and appealing compositions set a high standard. They built pride in America's scenic landscapes and urban centers, informed a curious, increasingly cosmopolitan public about foreign lands, and fostered an appreciation of printed pictures as artworks accessible to a growing middle class" (p. 1).

Illustrated works

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Illustrations

File:Roman bridge of Salamanca 1860 H. Penn, J. Godfrey.jpg, ''Roman Bridge of Salamanca,'' 1860
File:Jerusalem cafe 1880.jpg, ''Jerusalem Cafe,'' 1880
File:Jerusalem jewish cotton 1880.jpg, '' A Jerusalem Jewish Cotton Cleaner,'' 1880
File:Damascus Gate P6080085.JPG, ''Damascus Gate, '' 1880
File:Harry Fenn. Gate of 'Akka. 1881-1884.jpg, ''Gate of 'Akka,'' 1881-1884
File:Eshdûd, the ancient Ashdod. Called by the Greeks Azotus (1881-1884) (A).jpg, ''Eshdûd, the ancient Ashdod. Called by the Greeks Azotus,'' (1881-1884)
File:Caesarea Philippi (Banias) MET ap1980.298.jpg, ''Caesarea Philippi (Banias),'' date unknown
Picturesque America32.jpg, ''Catskills'', illustration, date unknown

See also

* List of Orientalist artists
* Orientalism

References

Bibliography

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External links

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Harry Fenn: Pen and Ink Virtuoso
*https://archive.org/details/cihm_25270/ Picturesque America
*http://www.umass.edu/umpress/title/creating-world-paper/Publisher's information on book

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fenn, Harry
1837 births
1911 deaths
English emigrants to the United States
English illustrators
English watercolourists
American illustrators
People from Montclair, New Jersey
American wood engravers
19th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English painters
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists
20th-century engravers