The ''Harmoniemesse'' in
B-flat major
B-flat major is a major scale based on B, with pitches B, C, D, E, F, G, and A. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative minor is G minor and its parallel minor is B-flat minor.
The B-flat major scale is:
Changes needed for ...
by
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( ; ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...
,
Hob. XXII:14, Novello 6, was written in 1802. It was Haydn's last major work. It is because of the prominence of the winds in this mass and "the German terminology for a kind of wind ensemble, ''
Harmonie is a German word that, in the context of the history of music, designates an ensemble of wind instruments (usually about five to eight players) employed by an aristocratic patron, particularly during the Classical era of the 18th century. The Harmo ...
''," that this
mass setting is called "Harmoniemesse" or "Wind Band Mass". Besides
flute
The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...
, 2
oboe
The oboe ( ) is a type of double-reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites.
The most common type of oboe, the soprano oboe pitched in C, ...
s, 2
clarinet
The clarinet is a Single-reed instrument, single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore (wind instruments), bore and a flared bell.
Clarinets comprise a Family (musical instruments), family of instrume ...
s, 2
bassoon
The bassoon is a musical instrument in the woodwind family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuosity ...
s, 2 horns in B-flat, 2
trumpet
The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz musical ensemble, ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet—with the highest Register (music), register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet, pitche ...
s in B-flat, the mass also calls for choir,
timpani
Timpani (; ) or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion instrument, percussion family. A type of drum categorised as a hemispherical drum, they consist of a Membranophone, membrane called a drumhead, ...
, strings, and organ, the latter supplying
figured bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidental (music), accidentals) indicate interval (music), intervals, chord (music), chords, and non- ...
for most of the duration.
The setting is divided into six movements.
# Kyrie Poco Adagio, B-flat major, 3/4
# Gloria Vivace assai, B-flat major,
common time
A time signature (also known as meter signature, metre signature, and measure signature) is an indication in music notation that specifies how many note values of a particular type fit into each measure ( bar). The time signature indicates the ...
#: "Gratias agimus" Allegretto,
E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E minor, (or enharmonically D minor).
The E-fla ...
, 3/8
#: "Quoniam tu solus sanctus" Allegro spiritoso, common time, B-flat major
# Credo Vivace, B-flat major, common time
#: "Et incarnatus est" Adagio,
E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E minor, (or enharmonically D minor).
The E-fla ...
, 3/4
#: "Et resurrexit" Vivace, B-flat major, common time
#: "Et vitam venturi" Vivace, 6/8
# Sanctus Adagio, B-flat major, 3/4
# Benedictus Molto Allegro,
F major
F major is a major scale based on F, with the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat.Music Theory'. (1950). United States: Standards and Curriculum Division, Training, Bureau of Naval Personnel. 28. Its relati ...
, common time
#: "Osanna" 3/4, B-flat major
# Agnus Dei Adagio,
G major
G major is a major scale based on G (musical note), G, with the pitches G, A (musical note), A, B (musical note), B, C (musical note), C, D (musical note), D, E (musical note), E, and F♯ (musical note), F. Its key signature has one sharp (music ...
, 3/4
#: "Dona nobis pacem" Allegro con spirito, B-flat major,
cut time
The Kyrie has "the most striking 'introductory' shock in Haydn's late vocal music ... a rather long orchestral introduction ...
ithunceasing contrasts between soft and loud, and the unexpected entry of G-flat, the flat submediant, in the fifth bar." The Agnus Dei makes reference both to the Adagio of
Symphony No. 98 and to
Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...
's
Coronation Mass.
[Heartz (2008) p. 662]
The ''Harmoniemesse'' was performed at
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (; ), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initiall ...
in the
Vatican City
Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became inde ...
for the Mass of the Solemnity of Pentecost on 31 May 2009, which coincided with the 200th anniversary of Haydn's death.
Recordings
See also
Die Schöpfung & Harmoniemesse (Leonard Bernstein recording)
Notes
References
* Heartz, Daniel (2009). ''Mozart, Haydn and Early Beethoven: 1781 — 1802'' W. W. Norton & Co. New York.
* Hughes, Rosemary (1974). ''Haydn''. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. London.
* Larsen, Jans Peter; Feder, Georg (1997). ''The New Grove Haydn'' W. W. Norton & Co. New York.
* Schenbeck, Lawrence (1996). ''Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition''. Hinshaw Music. Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
* Sisman, Elaine Rochelle (1997). ''Haydn and His World''. Princeton University Press. Princeton.
* Strimple, Nick (2008). ''Choral music in the nineteenth century''. Hal Leonard. New York.
External links
*
*
{{Authority control
Masses by Joseph Haydn
1802 compositions
Compositions in B-flat major