The House of Harcourt is a

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norma ...

family, and named after its

seigneurie In English law, seignory or seigniory, spelled ''signiory'' in Early Modern English (; ; ), is the lordship (authority) remaining to a grantor after the grant of an estate in fee simple. '' Nulle terre sans seigneur'' ("No land without a lord") ...

of Harcourt in

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

. Its mottos were "Gesta verbis praeveniant" (Olonde branch), "Gesta verbis praevenient" (Beuvron branch), and "Le bon temps viendra ... de France" (English branch). In 1280 they established the

Collège d'Harcourt In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between ...

in Paris, now the

Lycée Saint-Louis The Lycée Saint-Louis () is a selective post-secondary school located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, 6th arrondissement of Paris, in the Latin Quarter. It is the only state-funded French lycée that exclusively offers ''Classe Préparatoir ...

at 44 boulevard Saint-Michel.

Origins

When in 911, the Viking chief

Rollo Rollo (, ''Rolloun''; ; ; – 933), also known with his epithet, Rollo "the Walker", was a Viking who, as Count of Rouen, became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in today's northern France. He was prominent among the Vikings who Siege o ...

was given the territories that would make up Normandy through the

Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte The treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) is the foundational document of the Duchy of Normandy, establishing Rollo, a Norse warlord and Viking leader, as the first Duke of Normandy in exchange for his loyalty to Charles III, the king of West Fra ...

, he distributed domains to his main supporters among those who had accompanied him on his expeditions against the English and the

Neustria Neustria was the western part of the Kingdom of the Franks during the Early Middle Ages, in contrast to the eastern Frankish kingdom, Austrasia. It initially included land between the Loire and the Silva Carbonaria, in the north of present-day ...

ns. Considerable lands (notably the

of Harcourt, near

Brionne Brionne () is a commune in the Eure department. Brionne is in the region of Normandy of northern France. Geography The commune along with another 69 communes shares part of a 4,747 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called Risle, Guiel ...

) were granted to Bernard the Dane as a reward for his exploits, and from him they descended upon the lords (seigneurs) of Harcourt.

French and English branches

The Harcourt family has been perpetuated up until the present day in a French branch and an English branch. The

château d'Harcourt The Château d'Harcourt, situated in the ''Communes in France, commune'' of Harcourt, Eure, Harcourt in the Eure Departments of France, department of France, is the cradle of the Harcourt family. The castle is one of the best preserved castles in ...

in Harcourt, Eure,

, built around 1100, survives.

French branch

In France, Errand of Harcourt's brother,

Robert I of Harcourt The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, reno ...

, sire of Harcourt, continued the Harcourt line in France. His descendants are sub-divided into several branches, with the two principal ones being the Olonde and Beuvron branches, which both descend to this day. The Harcourt family of France intermarried with other members of the French aristocracy, including the de Livet family. The Beuvron branch includes several

marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

and

lieutenant General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was norma ...

s of the

ancien régime ''Ancien'' may refer to * the French word for " ancient, old" ** Société des anciens textes français * the French for "former, senior" ** Virelai ancien ** Ancien Régime ** Ancien Régime in France {{disambig ...

royal armies. These include * François III of Harcourt (died 1705), marquis of Ectot and of Beuvron, lieutenant général of the " armées du roi" and the king's lieutenant général in Normandy * Henri, first duke of Harcourt,

, ambassador to Madrid in 1697 (died 1718) * Anne-Pierre, 4th duke of Harcourt,

, governor of Normandy (died 1783) *Anne-Pierre's son François-Henri, 5th duke of Harcourt, governor of Normandy, representative of the comte de Provence to the British government during the French Revolution. *George of Harcourt-Olonde (1808–1883), ambassador to London and Vienna. In 1966, 126 English and French Harcourts celebrated the 1000-year anniversary of the House of Harcourt at the

Château du Champ de Bataille The Château du Champ-de-Bataille, is a château located in the Eure department of the French region of Upper Normandy. It's a Baroque château lying between the communes of Neubourg and Sainte-Opportune-du-Bosc, and in the ''Campagne du Neubour ...

, headed by the heads of the family, the Duke of Harcourt, head of the Beuvron branch, the Marquess of Olonde, and by the Viscount Harcourt.

English branch

In the 11th century,

Errand of Harcourt An errand is a Task (project management), task of no great consequence, typically concerning household or business affairs, which requires the person undertaking it to travel to a place where it can be accomplished. The activity of undertaking ...

and his three brothers followed

William the Conqueror William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was D ...

, duke of Normandy, on the

Norman invasion of England The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conq ...

, and the brothers were installed with English lands. The English Harcourt branch entered the English peerage, as barons then viscounts then earls. At first the Harcourts had lands in

Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warw ...

, but in 1191 Robert de Harcourt of Bosworth inherited lands of his father-in-law at Stanton in

Oxfordshire Oxfordshire ( ; abbreviated ''Oxon'') is a ceremonial county in South East England. The county is bordered by Northamptonshire and Warwickshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, and Wiltshire and Glouceste ...

, which then became known as

Stanton Harcourt Stanton Harcourt is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in Oxfordshire about southeast of Witney and about west of Oxford. The parish includes the Hamlet (place), hamlet of Sutton, north of the village. The United Kingdom C ...

. The manor of Stanton Harcourt has remained in the Harcourt family to the present day, although from 1756 to 1948 their main residence was at

Nuneham House Nuneham House is an eighteenth century villa in the Palladian architecture, Palladian style, set in parkland at Nuneham Courtenay in Oxfordshire, England. It is currently owned by Oxford University and is used as a retreat centre by the Brahma K ...

, also in Oxfordshire. Simon Harcourt was created Baron Harcourt in 1711 and

Viscount Harcourt Viscount Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt in the County of Oxford, was a noble title, title created twice for members of the Harcourt family, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was first created i ...

in 1721. The third viscount was created Earl Harcourt in 1749, but all titles were extinguished with the death of marshal

William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt, (20 March 1743 – 17 June 1830) was a Kingdom of Great Britain, British nobleman and British Army officer. He served as an ''aide-de-camp'' to George Keppel, 3r ...

, in 1830. His cousin

Edward Vernon Admiral Edward Vernon (12 November 1684 – 30 October 1757) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He had a long and distinguished career, rising to the rank of admiral after 46 years service. As a vice admiral during the War of Jenkins' E ...

Archbishop of York The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the ...

, thus inherited the majority of that branch's lands and titles and took the name and heraldic shield of the English Harcourt family by royal authorisation on 15 January 1831. This created the Vernon-Harcourt branch, descended from a Harcourt woman. The title Viscount Harcourt was created a second time in 1917 for

Lewis Harcourt Lewis Vernon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt (born Reginald Vernon Harcourt; 31 January 1863 – 24 February 1922), was a British Liberal Party politician who held the Cabinet post of Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1910 to 1915. Lord ...

, but the title was again extinguished on the death of his son.

The first lords of Harcourt

The first seigneurs of Harcourt from the early 11th to 13th centuries: * Bernard the Dane, companion of

, governor and regent of the

duchy of Normandy The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple, King Charles III of West Francia and the Viking leader Rollo. The duchy was named for its inhabitants, the Normans. From 1066 until 1204, as a r ...

until the death of

William I, Duke of Normandy William Longsword (, , , ; 893 – 17 December 942) was the second ruler of Normandy, from 927 until his assassination in 942.Detlev Schwennicke, '' Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, ...

(942) * Torf * Turquetil (960–1020s), son of Torf and of Ertemberge of Briquebec. William the Conqueror's governor during his minority. * Anquetil of Harcourt, son of Turquetil and of Anceline of Montfort, was the first seigneur of Harcourt known under this title. In 1066, he accompanied William the Conqueror on his conquest of England, obtaining lands in England. His possessions stretched along both sides of the

English Channel The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...

. He married Ève of Boissey. *

, seigneur of Harcourt, participated in the conquest of England on the side of William the Conqueror *

, called ''le Fort'' (the Strong), brother of Errand, whom he succeeded. He too took part in the conquest of England, but returned to Normandy. He built the first

, and married Colette of Argouges. * Guillaume of Harcourt, son of Robert I, he backed

Henry I of England Henry I ( – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in 1087, Henr ...

in his wars in Normandy. He married Hue of Amboise. * Robert II of Harcourt, called ''le Vaillant'' (the Valiant) or ''le Fort'' (the Strong), son of Guillaume. He accompanied his

suzerain A suzerain (, from Old French "above" + "supreme, chief") is a person, state (polity)">state or polity who has supremacy and dominant influence over the foreign policy and economic relations of another subordinate party or polity, but allows i ...

Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion () because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ru ...

on the

Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. F ...

and was designated by

John of England John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empi ...

as his surety and hostage in 1200 in the peace concluded with

Philip II Augustus Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), also known as Philip Augustus (), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks (Latin: ''rex Francorum''), but from 1190 onward, Philip became the firs ...

. He also became seigneur of Elbeuf by his 1179 marriage to Jeanne of

Meulan Meulan-en-Yvelines (, before 2010: ''Meulan'') is a Communes of France, commune in the Yvelines Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in north-central France. It hosted part of the Sailing at the 1900 Su ...

. * Richard, Baron of Harcourt, son of Robert II, in 1213 he married Jeanne de la Roche-Tesson, heiress of the vicomté of Saint-Sauveur * Jean I (born c. 1200), called ''le Preud'Homme'', baron of Harcourt, vicomte of Saint-Sauveur. Around 1240 he married Alix of Beaumont (d. 1275)

The Harcourts and the Hundred Years' War

As with several Norman lords, several Harcourt possessions in England and France were placed in a difficult position during the wars between the Capetians and

Plantagenet The House of Plantagenet ( /plænˈtædʒənət/ ''plan-TAJ-ə-nət'') was a royal house which originated from the French county of Anjou. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angev ...

s. In this context, the Harcourt family played a game all of its own, simultaneously independent of both the

king of France France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Fra ...

and

king of England The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers Constitutional monarchy, regula ...

. Geoffroy de Harcourt led

King Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

and the English Army into Normandy during the Crecy campaign as well as being involved in a reconnaissance mission that ended in a skirmish between Geoffroy de Harcourt and his elder brother, the Comte de Harcourt, at Rouen. Geoffroy de Harcourt was also one of those who guarded

Edward, the Black Prince Edward of Woodstock (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376), known as the Black Prince, was the eldest son and heir apparent of King Edward III of England. He died before his father and so his son, Richard II of England, Richard II, succession to the Br ...

at the

Battle of Crécy The Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August 1346 in northern France between a French army commanded by King PhilipVI and an English army led by King Edward III. The French attacked the English while they were traversing northern France ...

. Also, after Philip II's conquest of Normandy in 1204, the Harcourts habitually became the head of

feudal Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of struc ...

movements against the king of France.

Notable members of the House of Harcourt

The Harcourts have a great reputation in England and France as:

Statesmen and governors

* The likely fictitious Bernard the Dane, alleged founder of the house of Harcourt,

governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

and

regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...

of the

up to the death of duke Guillaume (942) * Philippe d'Harcourt (died 1163), chancellor of England (1139–40) * Louis d'Harcourt (died 1388), vicomte de Châtellerault,

and lieutenant général of

(1356–1360) * Jacques I d'Harcourt (1350–1405), baron of Montgommery, councillor and chamberlain of king Charles VI *

Jacques II d'Harcourt Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related t ...

(died 1428), comte de Tancarville,

and lieutenant général of

Picardie Picardy (; Picard and , , ) is a historical and cultural territory and a former administrative region located in northern France. The first mentions of this province date back to the Middle Ages: it gained its first official recognition in the ...

* Christophe d'Harcourt (died 1438), lord of

Havré Havré (; ) is a sub-municipality of the city of Mons located in the province of Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Mons. Etymology The village's name would likely origi ...

, councillor and chamberlain of king Charles VII, grand-master of the waters and the forests * Guillaume d'Harcourt (died 1487), comte de Tancarville, counsellor and chamberlain of king Charles VII, constable and chamberlain of Normandy, grand-master of the waters and the forests (1431) * Henry d'Harcourt (1654–1718), 1st duke of Harcourt, member of the regency council (1715) * Simon Harcourt (1661–1727), 1st viscount Harcourt,

garde des Sceaux The title keeper of the seals or equivalent is used in several contexts, denoting the person entitled to keep and authorize use of the great seal of a given country. The title may or may not be linked to a particular cabinet or ministerial offic ...

(1710–1713) and

Lord Chancellor The Lord Chancellor, formally titled Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom. The lord chancellor is the minister of justice for England and Wales and the highest-ra ...

of Great Britain (1713–14) *

François d'Harcourt François d'Harcourt (10 December 1928 – 5 November 2020), 12th Duke of Harcourt, was a French politician. Biography He was the son of François-Charles d'Harcourt, 11th Duke of Harcourt, and Antoinette Gérard, a French resistant. From 1954 ...

(1689–1750), 2nd duke of Harcourt, governor of Sedan (1735–50) * Anne Pierre d'Harcourt (1701–1783), 4th duke of Harcourt, governor of Sedan (1750), governor of Normandy (1764–75) * Simon Harcourt (1714–1777), 1st earl Harcourt,

viceroy of Ireland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the K ...

(1772–77) *

François-Henri d'Harcourt François Henri d'Harcourt, 5th Duke of Harcourt (12 January 1726 – 22 July 1802) was a French general, duke and peer. He emigrated during the French Revolution, and he became a representative of Louis XVIII of France to the British governmen ...

(1726–1802), 5th duke of Harcourt,

(1775–89) *

Sir William Harcourt Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt, (14 October 1827 – 1 October 1904) was a British lawyer, journalist and Liberal statesman. He was Member of Parliament for Oxford, Derby, then West Monmouthshire (UK Parliament constitue ...

(1827–1904), secretary of state (''home secretary'', 1880–1885) then

chancellor of the exchequer The chancellor of the exchequer, often abbreviated to chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and the head of HM Treasury, His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, t ...

(1892–1895) * Emmanuel d'Harcourt (1844–1928), vicomte d'Harcourt, secrétaire général de la présidence de la République (1873–1877), vice-president of the

French Red Cross The French Red Cross (), or the CRF, is the national Red Cross Society in France founded in 1864 and originally known as the ''Société française de secours aux blessés militaires'' (SSBM). Recognized as a public utility since 1945, the Frenc ...

(1863–1922), viscount Harcourt, minister for the colonies (1910–15) who gave his name to

Port Harcourt Port Harcourt (Pidgin: ''Po-ta-kot or Pi-ta-kwa)'' is the capital and largest city of Rivers State in Nigeria. It is the fifth most populous city in Nigeria after Lagos, Kano, Ibadan and Benin. It lies along the Bonny River and is locate ...

(

Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...

) *

Mike Harcourt Michael Franklin Harcourt Officer of the Order of Canada, OC (born January 6, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 30th premier of British Columbia from 1991 to 1996, and before that as the 34th List of mayors of Vancouver ...

(born 1943),

premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

(

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

) from 1991 to 1996 * Claude d'Harcourt, prefect,

ENA Ena or ENA may refer to: Education * École nationale d'administration, French Grande école, for civil service * Education Networks of America, Internet service provider Government and politics * English National Association, a former poli ...

graduate

French and English marshals

* Jean II of Harcourt, called ''le Preux'' (died 1302), vicomte of Châtellerault, sire of Harcourt,

maréchal de France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period ...

in 1283 and amiral de France in 1295, husband of Jeanne de Châtellerault, vicomtesse of Châtellerault (1235–1315), daughter of Aimeri, vicomte de Châtellerault, and of Agathe de Dammartin * Henry of Harcourt (1654–1718), 1st duke of Harcourt,

in 1703 *

François of Harcourt François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; 1 ...

(1689–1750), 2nd duke of Harcourt,

in 1746 * Anne Pierre of Harcourt (1701–1783), 4th duke of Harcourt, marshal of France in 1775 * Geoffroy de Harcourt, called ''Godefroy le boiteux'' (died 1356), made marshal by

Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

in 1346. *

(1743–1830), promoted to

field-marshal Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons ...

by king George IV in 1821

Spanish

* Rafael d´Harcourt Mediano Got

French and British ambassadors

* Henry d'Harcourt (1654–1718), 1st duke of Harcourt, extraordinary

ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or so ...

to Madrid (1697–1699 and 1700–1701), contributed to the installation of the

Bourbons The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. A branch descended from ...

on the throne of Spain *

Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt, (1714 – 16 September 1777), known as Viscount Harcourt between 1727 and 1749, was a British diplomat and general who became Viceroy of Ireland. Biography Harcourt was born in Oxfordshire, the son of Hon ...

(1714–1777), British

to Paris (1768–72) *

(1726–1802), 5th Duke of Harcourt, represented

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 y ...

to the British government (1792–1800) * Eugène, 8th Duke of Harcourt (1786–1865):

to Madrid (1830) and to Rome (1848–49) ** Marie-Sophie d'Harcourt x Léon, 5th Duke d'Ursel (1805 – 1878). ** Henriette d'Harcourt xx Léon, 5th Duke d'Ursel (1805 – 1878). *** Marie Joseph Charles, 6th Duke d'Ursel * Georges d'Harcourt (1808–1883), marquis d'Harcourt,

pair de France The Peerage of France () was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France () was held by the greatest, highest-ranking members of the Fr ...

to Vienna (1873) and London (1875–79) * Bernard d'Harcourt (1842–1914),

to Rome (1871), to London (1872–73) and to Berne (1874–76) * Emmanuel d'Harcourt (1914–1985),

Compagnon de la Libération The Order of Liberation (, ) is a French Order which was awarded to heroes of the Liberation of France during World War II. It is a worn by recipients only before the ''Légion d’Honneur'' (Legion of Honour). In the official portrait of Gen ...

to Dublin (1969) and to Prague (1975–79)

Governors of French and British heirs to the throne

* Henry of Harcourt (1654–1718), 1st duke of Harcourt, member of the regency council, named by

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

in his will as governor of the Dauphin (the future

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defi ...

) following the maréchal de Villeroy *

(1714–1777), governor of the Prince of Wales, the future

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and ...

(1751–52) *

(1726–1802), 5th duke of Harcourt, governor of the

dauphin of France Dauphin of France (, also ; ), originally Dauphin of Viennois (''Dauphin de Viennois''), was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word ''dauphin'' is French for dolphin and ...

(1786–89)

Generals

* Jean IV of Harcourt (died 1346), comte of Harcourt, captain of Rouen (1345), killed at the

battle of Crécy The Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August 1346 in northern France between a French army commanded by King PhilipVI and an English army led by King Edward III. The French attacked the English while they were traversing northern France ...

Jean VII of Harcourt Jean VII d'Harcourt (1369 – 18 December 1452, Châtellerault) was a French nobleman. He was Count of Harcourt, Count of Aumale, Viscount of Châtellerault, and Seigneur of Mézières, of Elbeuf, of Lillebone, of La Saussaye etc. He was the son ...

(1370–1452), comte of Harcourt, also called

prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

of Harcourt, captured at the

battle of Agincourt The Battle of Agincourt ( ; ) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) near Azincourt, in northern France. The unexpected victory of the vastly outnumbered English troops agains ...

* Jean VIII of Harcourt (1396–1424), comte of Aumale, lieutenant and capitaine général de Normandy, killed at the

battle of Verneuil The Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil-sur-Avre in Normandy between an English army and a combined Franco-Scottish force, augmented by Milanese heavy cavalry. The battle was a si ...

* Odet of Harcourt (1604–1661), marquis of Thury and of La Motte-Harcourt,

lieutenant général Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normall ...

des armées du roi * Louis-François of Harcourt (1677–1714), comte of Sézanne, knight of the

Order of the Golden Fleece The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece (, ) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in 1430 in Brugge by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, Isabella of Portugal. T ...

des armées du roi (1710) * Henri-Claude d'Harcourt (1704–1769), comte of Harcourt,

des armées du roi (1748) * Anne-François d'Harcourt (1727–1797), duke of Beuvron,

des armées du roi (1780) * Charles-Hector d'Harcourt (1743–1820), marquis of Harcourt,

des armées du roi (1814) * Marie-François d'Harcourt (1755–1839), 6th duke of Harcourt,

des armées du roi (1815) *

Amédée d'Harcourt Amédée is a French masculine forename. Notable people with the forename include: Persons * Amédée, stage name of Philippe de Chérisey (1923–1985), French writer, radio humorist, surrealist and actor *Amédée Artus (1815–1892), French c ...

(1771–1831), marquis of Harcourt,

, general in the English army *

Octavius Vernon Harcourt Octavius Henry Cyril Vernon Harcourt (25 December 1793 – 14 August 1863) was a British naval officer. He was the eighth son of Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York, and began life as Octavius Henry Cyril Vernon at Rose Castle, C ...

(1793–1863),

admiral Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of ...

in the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

* Frederick-Edward Vernon Harcourt (1790–1853),

in the

* Armand d'Harcourt (1883–1975),

vice-admiral Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral. Australia In the Royal Australian Navy, the rank of vic ...

(1940), commandant of the French Navy of Morocco, president of the société centrale de sauvetage des naufragés *

Jean d'Harcourt Jean de Harcourt (died 13 June 1452) was a French priest and bishop. His parents were Jacques d'Harcourt, seigneur de Montgomery, and Jeanne d'Enghien. He was canon of Laon, then bishop of Amiens from 1418 and finally bishop of Tournai from 1433. ...

(1885–1980), general in the air force (1939), inspector general of fighter aircraft, knight grand-cross of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

(1964) * Louis d'Harcourt (1922-2014), French

army corps general An army corps general or corps general is a rank held by a general officer who commands an army corps. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries. Normally, the rank is above the divisional gene ...

, Grand Officer of the

Legion of Honor The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was ...

, member of the

Order of the Holy Sepulchre Order of the Holy Sepulchre or Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre may refer to: * Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Catholic), chivalric order belonging to the Holy See (the Roman Catholic Church) * Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Orthodox), chivalric ...

Resistance-workers

Robert d'Harcourt The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, reno ...

(1881–1965) and his sons, Anne-Pierre d'Harcourt (1913–1981) and Charles d'Harcourt (1921–1992), both sent to

Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald (; 'beech forest') was a German Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Nazi Germany, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich (pre-1938 ...

* Emmanuel d'Harcourt (1914–1985), one of the first five

Compagnons de la Libération This is a list of the companions of the Liberation, which consist of people, communities and military units that have been awarded the Ordre de la Libération. 1038 people, 5 cities, and 18 military units have been awarded '' Compagnons de la L ...

, member of the counsel of the

Ordre de la Libération The Order of Liberation (, ) is a French Order which was awarded to heroes of the Liberation of France during World War II. It is a worn by recipients only before the ''Légion d’Honneur'' (Legion of Honour). In the official portrait of G ...

Churchmen

Philip de Harcourt Philip de Harcourt was a medieval Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Bayeux. He was unsuccessfully elected as the Bishop of Salisbury. Life De Harcourt was the son of Robert who was the son of Anschetil, lord of Harcourt, Eure in France.< ...

(died 1163), bishop of Salisbury (1140), bishop of Bayeux (1142), and

chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

of England (1139–1140) * Raoul d'Harcourt (died 1307), canon of Paris (1305), counsellor of

Philip IV of France Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. Jure uxoris, By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre and Count of Champagne as Philip&n ...

, almoner of

Charles, Count of Valois Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, which ruled over France from 1328. He was the fourth son of King Philip III of France and Isabella o ...

, founder of the

collège d'Harcourt In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between ...

(Paris, now

) *

(died 1315), bishop of Coutances (1291), counsellor of Philip III and Philip IV of France. * Guy d'Harcourt (died 1336), bishop of Lisieux (1303), founder of the collège de Lisieux (Paris) *

(died 1452), bishop of Amiens (1418), of Tournai (1433), archbishop of Narbonne (1436), patriarch of Antioch (1447), bishop of Alexandria and of Orleans (1451) * Louis I d'Harcourt (1382–1422), vicomte de Châtellerault, archbishop of Rouen (1407) * Louis II d'Harcourt (1424–1479), bishop of Béziers (1451), archbishop of Narbonne (1451),

bishop of Bayeux The Diocese of Bayeux and Lisieux (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baiocensis et Lexoviensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Bayeux et Lisieux'') is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is coextensive with the Department of Calvados and is a ...

(1460), patriarch of Jerusalem (1460–79) * Louis-Abraham d'Harcourt (1694–1750), 3rd duke of Harcourt, chanoine de Notre-Dame de Paris, doyen de l'Eglise de Paris (1733), commander of the ordre du Saint-Esprit (1747) *

Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt (10 October 1757 – 5 November 1847) was a Church of England bishop. He was the Bishop of Carlisle from 1791 to 1807 and then the Archbishop of York until his death. He was the third son of the George Venables ...

(1757–1847),

bishop of Carlisle The Bishop of Carlisle is the Ordinary (officer), Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Carlisle in the Province of York. The diocese covers the county of Cumbria except for Alston Moor and the former Sedbergh Rural District. The Episcop ...

, then

archbishop of York The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the ...

Members of the Académie française

* François-Henri of Harcourt (1726–1802), 5th duke of Harcourt, elected 1788 *

(1881–1965), elected 1946

Scientists

* William Vernon Harcourt (1789–1871) was founder of the

British Association for the Advancement of Science The British Science Association (BSA) is a Charitable organization, charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Scienc ...

Authors

* Liceline d'Harcourt (c. 971–1035?), author of the ''Saga des Brionne'' * Agnes d'Harcourt (c. 1245–1291?) * Anne-Pierre d'Harcourt (1913–1981), author of ''The Real Enemy'' * Claire d'Harcourt, author of several books, such as ''Bébés du monde'' and ''L'art à la loupe'' * François-Henri of Harcourt (1726–1802) *

(1881–1965), author of several works on German literature and culture, such as ''L'évangile de la force'' (1936), one of the first books to denounce the dangers of Nazism, as well as a book of war memoirs, ''Souvenirs de captivité et d'évasion''. * David Stanton Milne Harcourt (1946–) * Guillaume d'Harcourt (1986-) theater actor

Notes

References

* * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Harcourt, House Of French marquesses Lists of counts of France Lists of dukes People from Eure