''Haplothrips'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
thrips
Thrips (Order (biology) , order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Entomologists have species description , described approximately 7,700 species. They fly on ...
in the family
Phlaeothripidae
Phlaeothripidae is a family of thrips
Thrips (Order (biology) , order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Entomologists have species description , describe ...
. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented
antennae, three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of well-developed wings (macropterous). The head has a short mouth cone and a pair of deeply retracted maxillary stylets. The forewings are distinctly constricted in the middle and (in subgenus ''Haplothrips'') have duplicated
cilia
The cilium (: cilia; ; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'') is a short hair-like membrane protrusion from many types of eukaryotic cell. (Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea.) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike proj ...
. The second through to the seventh abdominal
tergites
A ''tergum'' (Latin for "the back"; : ''terga'', associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. ...
each have two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining
seta
In biology, setae (; seta ; ) are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms.
Animal setae
Protostomes
Depending partly on their form and function, protostome setae may be called macrotrichia, chaetae, ...
e. In males, the ninth abdominal tergite has setae S2 short and stout, while the eight abdominal
sternite
The sternum (: sterna) is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen.
In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the su ...
usually has no pore plate. The male of ''H. dissociatus'' is unusual in having a small pore plate.
Some of the aforementioned features, such as the forewing constriction, are shared by other
Haplothripini.
Ecology
''Haplothrips'' mostly feed and breed in flowers. The northern hemisphere species prefer flowers of
Asteraceae
Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...
and
Poaceae
Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...
, while the
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
n species feed on a range of families. Some species are instead associated with leaves.
Other ''Haplothrips'' are predatory. Examples are ''H. faurei'' and ''H. victoriensis'', which are used in
biological control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or o ...
of mites.
The
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...
an species ''H. rosai'' is believed to feed on
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
.
Pests
''Haplothrips aculeatus'' and ''H. ganglbaueri'' are pests of
millet
Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most millets belong to the tribe Paniceae.
Millets are important crops in the Semi-arid climate, ...
, while unspecified ''Haplothrips'' species are pests of
cashew
Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree ''Anacardium occidentale'', in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to South America and is the source of the cashew nut and the cashew apple, an accessory fruit. The tree can grow as t ...
.
Selected species
* ''
Haplothrips aculeatus''
(Fabricius, 1803)
* ''
Haplothrips articulosus''
Bagnall, 1926
* ''
Haplothrips cerealis
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented Antenna (biology), antennae, three ...
''
Priesner, 1939
* ''
Haplothrips clarisetis
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Priesner, 1930
* ''
Haplothrips distinguendus
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Uzel, 1895
* ''
Haplothrips fuliginosus
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Schille, 1912
* ''
Haplothrips gowdeyi
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs an ...
''
(Franklin, 1908)
* ''
Haplothrips graminis
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Hood, 1912
* ''
Haplothrips habermani
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Strassen, 1964
* ''
Haplothrips halophilus
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Hood, 1915
* ''
Haplothrips herajius
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
Minaei & Aleosfoor, 2013
* ''
Haplothrips kurdjumovi
''Haplothrips'' is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. It is found worldwide and contains about 240 extant species.
Description
Thrips of this genus are medium-sized with one pair of 8-segmented antennae, three pairs of legs and ...
''
(Karny, 1913)
* ''
Haplothrips leucanthemi
''Haplothrips leucanthemi'', known generally as the clover thrips or red clover thrips, is a species of tube-tailed thrip in the family Phlaeothripidae
Phlaeothripidae is a family of thrips
Thrips (Order (biology) , order Thysanoptera) ...
''
(Schrank, 1781)
* ''
Haplothrips malifloris''
Hood, 1916
* ''
Haplothrips minutus''
(Uzel, 1895)
* ''
Haplothrips nigricornis''
Bagnall, 1910
* ''
Haplothrips nubilipennis''
Hood, 1914
* ''
Haplothrips preeri''
Hood, 1939
* ''
Haplothrips rectipennis''
Hood, 1927
* ''
Haplothrips reuteri''
(Karny, 1907)
* ''
Haplothrips robustus''
Bagnall, 1918
* ''
Haplothrips ruber''
(Moulton, 1911)
* ''
Haplothrips setiger''
Priesner, 1921
* ''
Haplothrips shacklefordi''
Moulton, 1927
* ''
Haplothrips stactices''
(Haliday, 1836)
* ''
Haplothrips subterraneus''
Crawford, 1938
* ''
Haplothrips verbasci''
(Osborn, 1897)
* ''
Haplothrips xanthocrepis''
Hood, 1940
References
Identification
Australian thrips of the Haplothrips lineage (Insecta: Thysanoptera)(includes key to Australian ''Haplothrips'')
Identification of Haplothrips species from Malesia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)New Neotropical Haplothripini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with a key to Central and South American genera
(includes key to Neotropical ''Haplothrips'')
External links
Encyclopedia of Life entry
{{Authority control
Thrips genera
Phlaeothripidae