Haplogroup V is a

human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolut ...

. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in Southwestern

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

Origin

Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a subclade of haplogroup HV. In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge in

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, compri ...

. However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in the

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

Distribution

Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup, occurring in around 4% of native Europeans. Its highest concentration is among the

Saami The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several A ...

people of northern

Fennoscandia __NOTOC__ Fennoscandia (Finnish language, Finnish, Swedish language, Swedish and ; ), or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian Peninsula, Scandinavian and Kola Peninsula, Kola peninsulas, mainland ...

(~59%). It has been found at a frequency of approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami. Haplogroup V has been observed at higher than average levels among

Cantabrian people The Cantabrians ( Cantabrian and ) are the people who inhabit the autonomous community of Cantabria, in northern Spain."Even today, Cantabrians (the Pasiego included, Lebaniegos excluded), at the North of Spain, seem to be a genetically well diff ...

(15%) of northern

, and among the adjacent

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

(10.4%). Haplogroup V is also found in parts of

Northwest Africa The Maghreb (; ), also known as the Arab Maghreb () and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb al ...

. It is mainly concentrated among the

Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym, depending on variety: ''Imuhaɣ'', ''Imušaɣ'', ''Imašeɣăn'' or ''Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group, traditionally nomadic pastoralists, who principally inhabit th ...

inhabiting the Gorom-Gorom area in

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest. It covers an area of 274,223 km2 (105,87 ...

(21%), Sahrawi in the

Western Sahara Western Sahara is a territorial dispute, disputed territory in Maghreb, North-western Africa. It has a surface area of . Approximately 30% of the territory () is controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); the remaining 70% is ...

(17.9%), and

Berbers Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also known as Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arab migrations to the Maghreb, Arabs in the Maghreb. Their main connec ...

of Matmata, Tunisia (16.3%). The rare V7a subclade occurs among

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

ns in

Oran Oran () is a major coastal city located in the northwest of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria, after the capital, Algiers, because of its population and commercial, industrial and cultural importance. It is w ...

(1.08%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (1.85%).
S5 Table
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Ancient DNA

MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the

Linear Pottery culture The Linear Pottery culture (LBK) is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic period, flourishing . Derived from the German ''Linearbandkeramik'', it is also known as the Linear Band Ware, Linear Ware, Linear Ceramics or Incis ...

at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC. Haplogroup V7 was found in representative

Maykop culture The Maykop culture or Maikop culture (, , scientific transliteration: ''Majkop,''), c. 3700 BC–3000 BC, is a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the western Caucasus region. It extends along the area from the Taman Peninsula at the Ker ...

samples in the excavations conducted by Alexei Rezepkin. Haplogroup V has been detected in representatives Trypil'ska and Unetice culture. Haplogroup V has also been found among

Iberomaurusian The Iberomaurusian is a backed bladelet lithic industry found near the coasts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is also known from a single major site in Libya, the Haua Fteah, where the industry is known as the Eastern Oranian.The "Weste ...

specimens dating from the

Epipaleolithic In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age. Mesolithic also falls between these two periods, and the two are someti ...

at the

Taforalt Taforalt, or Grotte des Pigeons, is a cave in the province of Berkane, Aït Iznasen region, Morocco, possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa. It contained at least 34 Iberomaurusian adolescent and adult human skeletons, as well as young ...

prehistoric site 14,000 years BP. Haplogroup V has also been found among Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture specimens dating from the Bronze Age from Western Hungary https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478968v1.full.pdf

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research. * V ** V1 *** V1a found mostly from central to northeast Europe **** V1a1 found in Scandinavia (including Lapland), Finland and Baltic countries ***** V1a1a ****** V1a1a1 ***** V1a1b **** V1a2 found in Bronze Age Poland *** V1b found in Germany, Poland ** V2 found in the British Isles *** V2a found in Ireland **** V2a1 ***** V2a1a found in Finns *** V2b found in England, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Spain **** V2b1 **** V2b2 *** V2c found in Norway, Denmark, England, Ireland, Switzerland ** V3 found in northwest Europe / found in Late Neolithic Hungary (Bell Beaker) *** V3a **** V3a1 *** V3b *** V3c found in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe ** V4 found in France ** V5 found in Lapland ** V6 found in northwest Europe ** V7 *** V7a found mostly in Slavic countries, but also in Scandinavia, Germany and France **** V7a1 *** V7b found in eastern Europe and France ** V8 found in North Europe ** V9 *** V9a found in the British Isles **** V9a1 **** V9a2 found in Ireland, England, Scotland (Shetland), Denmark ** V10 found in the British Isles, northwest France and Sweden / found in Bell Beaker Scotland *** V10a found in Sweden, Ireland, Spain *** V10b found in EBA England **** V10b1 **** V10b2 ** V11 found in Italy (Calabria) ** V12 found in Germany ** V13 found in Poland and Russia ** V14 found in Poland and Iberia ** V15 found in England, Norway and Armenia *** V15a ** V16 found in Britain, Germany and Denmark ** V17 found in England / found in Late Neolithic France ** V18 found in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy *** V18a found in Slavic countries, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and the Netherlands ** V-C150T *** V19 found in the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), Ireland *** V22 found in Spain (including

Basques The Basques ( or ; ; ; ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a Basque culture, common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Basques are indigenous peoples, ...

) and France (Basques) ** V-C16298T! *** V20 found in Norway ** V-C72T! *** V21 ** V23 ** V24 ** V25 found in South Europe,

of Algeria and Morocco ** V26 found in Denmark and Germany ** V27 found in Denmark ** V28 found in Denmark ** V29 ** V30 ** V31 ** V32 ** V33 ** V34 ** V35 ** V36 ** V37 ** V38 ** V39 ** V40 ** V41 ** V42 ** V43 ** V44 ** V45 ** V46 ** V47 ** V48 ** V49 ** V50 ** V51 ** V52 ** V53 ** V54 ** V55 ** V56 ** V57 ** V58 ** V59 ** V60 ** V61 ** V62 ** V63 ** V64 ** V65 ** V66 ** V67 ** V68 ** V69 ** V70 ** V71 ** V72 ** V73 ** V74 ** V75 ** V76 ** V77 ** V78

Popular culture

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and Political philosophy, political philosopher.#britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the m ...

was a member of haplogroup V * Singer-songwriter

Bono Paul David Hewson (born 10 May 1960), known by the nickname Bono ( ), is an Irish singer-songwriter and activist. He is a founding member, the lead vocalist, and primary lyricist of the rock band U2. Bono is known for his impassioned voca ...

is a member of haplogroup V

References

External links

*General **Ian Logan'
Mitochondrial DNA Site: V
**Mannis van Oven'
Phylotree
*Haplogroup V
Family Tree DNA Project: mtDNA Haplogroup V

{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725220615/http://danishdemes.org/mtDNA-results-HgV.html , date=2011-07-25 V