Haplogroup H10e is a

human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evo ...

. It is defined by mutation C16221T. It is between 5,700 and 7,000 years old.

Origins

According to Behar ''et al.'', the woman who founded this line was estimated to have lived between 2,400 and 7,000 years ago. From a

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

burial at the Bom Santo cave (near Lisbon/Portugal), however, we know that H10e existed already at 3735 BCE ± 45 years. Hence H10e is at least 5,753 years old. Almost a thousand years later an H10e find was associated with a Corded Ware Culture burial in Eulau. The site Eulau, Burgenlandkreis, is located in the valley of the Saale river in Germany. What is interesting to note in this context, is that H10e was first found at the Bom Santo cave which is located near the epicenter of the birth of the Bell Beaker culture. Then the find at Eulau was geographically located at the boundary between the Bell Beaker area of influence and the Corded Ware Culture area of influence. Therefore, we may see evidence that some women of Bell Beaker ethnic origin became part of the Corded Ware Culture.

Descendant branches

Haplogroup H10e has currently three descendent branches, namely H10e1, H10e2 and H10e3, that are recognized by PhyloTree. Additional branches, from H10e4 through H10e9, were named by YFull.YFull MTree 1.02.21282 (as of 13 January 2024)
/ref> YFull's H10e5 and H10e8 were later adopted by FamilyTreeDNA, whose Mitotree adds additional branches through H10e46.

Archeological record

Haplogroup H10e has been found at a neolithic site, namely the Bom Santo cave near Lisbon, Portugal. This is the oldest sample of H10 which has ever been found and it has been dated to about 3735 BCE (± 45 years). Out of 14 individuals analyzed there was only a single sample belonging to haplogroup H, namely a migrant male belonging to haplogroup H10e. In 2008 mitochondrial DNA was extracted from a gravesite in Eulau (2,600 BCE) which has been associated with the Corded Ware Culture. Haplogroup H10e was found in one individual out of nine tested. Furthermore, H10e has been found in a 10th-century sample from a male individual buried at the Zvonimirovo cemetery site in Croatia. There is also a strong Viking component with this haplogroup. The following samples from Scandianavia of the Viking age have all been associated with H10e: H10e has been found twice at the medieval Tuukkala archeological site in

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

. The Tuukkala site is located in north eastern

and has been dated to 1200 AD – 1400 AD. Two individuals (TU631 and TU645) both shared the same H10e-haplotype. H10e has also been found in two individuals from the early 17th century at

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent British colonization of the Americas, English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James River, about southwest of present-day Willia ...

GenBank samples

The following sequences that are informative of the past and present distributions of haplogroup H10e are among those that are part of the public database

GenBank The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a par ...

. > , - , H10e
JX153631
, Finland, , Raule 2014 , - , H10e
JX171093
, Finland, , Soini 2012 , - , H10e
KF161060
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e
KF161301
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e
KF162739
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e
KM576763
, Swedish, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e
KY670894
, Russia, , Malyarchuk 2017 , - , H10e
MF070512
, Swedish, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e
MG009577
, English, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e
MN540515
, ancient Finland, , Översti 2019 , - , H10e
MN540519
, ancient Finland, , Översti 2019 , - , H10e
MN888511
, Germany, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e
MT232751
, English, , YSEQ , - , H10e
OR438625
, Poland, , Piotrowska-Nowak 2023 , - , H10e1a
OM194244
, Kazakh, , Askapuli 2022 , - , H10e1d
PP974320
, Belarus, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e1d
KF162232
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e1d
KF162434
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e2
HM101252
, English, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e2
KF162694
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e2
MG646161
, Poland, , Piotrowska-Nowak 2019 , - , H10e2
OR438506
, Poland, , Piotrowska-Nowak 2023 , - , H10e3
MF464490
, Russian, , FamilyTreeDNA , - , H10e3
MZ846245
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3
MZ846248
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3
MZ846250
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3
MZ846346
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3
MZ846703
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
KF162333
, Denmark, , Li 2014 , - , H10e3a
MZ846610
, Shetland, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ846743
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ846755
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ846781
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847073
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847222
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847226
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847710
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847741
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847750
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , - , H10e3a
MZ847752
, Orkney, , Dulias 2022 , -

Prominent members of H10e

Pierre Terrail (1473 – 30 April 1524), seigneur de Bayard, the legendary medieval French knight "without fear and beyond reproach", is thought to have carried mtDNA haplogroup H10e. This has been determined by DNA-testing both his exhumed remains and DNA-matching with living relatives on the maternal line. Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel (1200–1252), is an ancestor of Pierre Terrail and the presently oldest known member of H10e with an unbroken genealogical tree on the maternal line up the present. Sir Ferdinando Wenman (abt.1575-1610) and Captain William West (abt.1586-1610), kinsmen of the Virginia colony's first Governor, Thomas West, Third Baron De La Warr.

References

{{Reflist Human mtDNA haplogroups