Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia map

Haplogroup C-M8 also known as Haplogroup C1a1 is a

Y-chromosome The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y ...

haplogroup A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the , ''haploûs'', "onefold, simple" and ) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a sing ...

. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C-M130. It has been found in about 6% (2.3% to 16.7%) of modern males sampled in

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

and has been considered to be a Y-DNA haplogroup descended from

Jōmon people The Jōmon (縄文) were a prehistoric hunter-gatherer culture that inhabited the Japanese archipelago approximately between 14,000 BC and 300 BC. Both genetically and culturally, the Jōmon are among the earliest known ancestors of the modern ...

. Elsewhere, it has been observed among academic studies only in one individual in a sample collected on

Jeju Island Jeju Island (Jeju language, Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of , which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province. The i ...

of South Korea and in commercial testing in one individual who has reported an origin in

Liaoning ) , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong , image_map = Liaoning in China (+all claims hatched).svg , ...

province of China and one individual who has reported an origin in Seoul, South Korea.YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.02 at 02 April 2018
/ref> The MRCA with its sister

haplogroup C-V20 Haplogroup C-V20 (also known as Haplogroup C1a2) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup C1a (Y-DNA), Haplogroup C1a, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C-F3393, Haplogroup C1 (The other is Haplogroup C-M8, ...

dates back to 40,000Zhong H, Shi H, Qi XB et al. (July 2010). "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C-M130 reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia". J. Hum. Genet. 55 (7): 428–35. . . to 50,000 years ago. Diffusion of existing subtypes of C-M8 is estimated to have begun about 12,000 years ago.Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. . . C1a1 is found in the

and is linked to the Jomon people who came via the southern route.

Frequency in Japan

Frequency in samples of Japanese from various regions: *

Okinawa most commonly refers to: * Okinawa Prefecture, Japan's southernmost prefecture * Okinawa Island, the largest island of Okinawa Prefecture * Okinawa Islands, an island group including Okinawa itself * Okinawa (city), the second largest city in th ...

9.0% (4.4%Tajima, Atsushi; Hayami, Masanori; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Juji, T; Matsuo, M; Marzuki, S; Omoto, K; Horai, S (2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics 49 (4): 187–193. . . - 16.7%Shoji Totsuka, The Super Science High School Consortium, Youichi Sato, and Masashi Tanaka, "A study of the geographic distribution of Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in Japanese population by Super Science High School Consortium (SSH)." ''Anthropological Science (Japanese Series)'' Vol. 124(2), 85–91, 2016.) * Kagawa? 8.5%Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." ''Genetics'' 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270 *

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

7.1% * Miyazaki 6.5% (0/29 = 0% Misato to 2/8 = 25% Aya, or 28/291 = 9.6% Western Miyazaki, 22/349 = 6.3% Northern Miyazaki, 27/488 = 5.5% Central Miyazaki, 6/141 = 4.3% Southern Miyazaki)Hirofumi Nohara, Ikuko Maeda, Rinnosuke Hisazumi, Taketo Uchiyama, Hiroko Hirashima, Masahito Nakata, Ohno Rika, Tetsuro Hasegawa, and Kenshi Shimizu, "Geographic distribution of Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups among Miyazaki Prefecture residents." Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology, Volume 26 (2021), No. 1., p. 17-27. https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.778 *

Tokushima is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 Square kilometre, km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture b ...

6.3% (5.7%Youichi Sato, Toshikatsu Shinka, Ashraf A. Ewis, Aiko Yamauchi, Teruaki Iwamoto, and Yutaka Nakahori, "Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males." ''Anthropological Science'' Vol. 122(3), 131–136, 2014. - 10.0%) *

Osaka is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the List of cities in Japan, third-most populous city in J ...

6.2% *

Fukuoka is the List of Japanese cities by population, sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since ancient times. ...

5.9% * Kawasaki 5.6% * Shizuoka 4.9% *

Sapporo is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in Hokkaido, Japan. Located in the southwest of Hokkaido, it lies within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, a tributary of the Ishikari River. Sapporo is the capital ...

4.1% (3.4% - 4.6%) *

Kanazawa is the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . Etymology The name "Kanazaw ...

4.0% (3.4% - 4.7%) *

Aomori , officially Aomori City (, ), is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per squa ...

3.8% (2.5% - 7.7%) *

Nagasaki , officially , is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Founded by the Portuguese, the port of Portuguese_Nagasaki, Nagasaki became the sole Nanban trade, port used for tr ...

3.3% *

Saga Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia. The most famous saga-genre is the (sagas concerning Icelanders), which feature Viking voyages, migration to Iceland, and feuds between ...

2.3%

History

Haplogroup C1a1 (M8) is mostly unique to the Japanese archipelago, and its migration route is enigmatic. C1a1 is estimated to be one of the common haplogroups among the

(about 30% or more), next to D1a2a, D1a1, C2, K, and F.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup C-M8 (Y-Dna) C-M8