''Haplochromis'' is a

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cichlidae Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with on ...

. It has been used as the default "

wastebin taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by e ...

" for

Pseudocrenilabrinae The Pseudocrenilabrinae are a subfamily in the cichlid family of fishes to which, according to a study from 2004, includes all the Middle Eastern and African cichlids with the exception of the unusual '' Heterochromis multidens'' and the Malaga ...

cichlids of the

East African Rift The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. It was formerly considered to be part of a l ...

, and as such became the "largest"

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

"genus". Many of these cichlids are popular

aquarium An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquati ...

fishes; like similar Haplochromini they are known as "haplos", "happies" or "haps" among aquarium enthusiasts. The genus was established by F.M. Hilgendorf in 1888. It was originally conceived as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

of A.C.L.G. Günther's ''"Chromis"'', at that time an even larger "wastebin genus" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

of Hilgendorf was '' H. obliquidens''. ''"Chromis"'' of Günther turned out to be a

junior homonym In biology, a homonym is a name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another such name, that belongs to a different taxon. The rule in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is that the first such name to be published is the s ...

of G. Cuvier's

ocean The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as ''oceans'' (the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian, Southern Ocean ...

fish genus ''

Chromis ''Chromis'' is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. While the term damselfish Damselfish are those fish within the subfamilies Abudefdufinae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, Pomacentrinae, and Stegastinae within the family Pomacentr ...

'', already established in 1814, and was abolished. As the years went by, other genera of (mostly) Haplochromini were lumped with and split again from ''Haplochromis'', and the final delimitation of the

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

around ''H. obliquidens'' is not yet done.

Extinction crisis in Lake Victoria

The introduction of

Nile perch The Nile perch (''Lates niloticus''), also known as the African snook, Goliath perch, African barramundi, Goliath barramundi, Giant lates or the Victoria perch, is a species of freshwater fish in family Latidae of order Perciformes. It is wides ...

(''Lates niloticus'') to

Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropics, tropical lake, and the world's second-largest fresh water lake by surface are ...

after 1954 severely upset the lake's

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and en ...

. By the late 1970s, the perch's

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

was approaching

carrying capacity The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as the ...

, and the smaller cichlids were fair game for the huge

carnivorous A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly mu ...

''Lates''. The

Nile tilapia The Nile tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') is a species of tilapia, a cichlid occurring naturally in parts of Africa (such as its namesake Nile River) and the Levant, though numerous introduced populations exist outside its natural range. T ...

(''Oreochromis niloticus''), an adaptable generalist, was also introduced and competed with the often specialized

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

cichlids of the lake for food and other resources. When the Nile perch stocks finally declined again in the late 1980s, an estimated 200 Haplochromini

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

(mostly ''Haplochromis'') may have become

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

– many of these had only been scientifically described a few years before their demise, and additional ones were only known or suspected to exist, but never properly studied or described. While the stocks of those species that survived are in many cases recovering, the lake ecosystem has changed irrevocably. The entire

trophic web A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Position in the food web, or trophic level, is used in ecology to broadly classify organisms as autotrophs or he ...

has been observed to be upset. But still,

evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...

runs its course: those Lake Victoria ''Haplochromis'' species that still exist are in many cases adapting to new food sources, and in time,

speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...

is likely to set in and produce a new

adaptive radiation In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic int ...

of these fishes. Until then, however, the ecological balance of the lake is still on the brink, and many of the cichlids that survived the peak population of ''Lates'' are still

critically endangered An IUCN Red List critically endangered (CR or sometimes CE) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. As of December 2023, of t ...

and close to extinction.

Systematics and taxonomy

''Haplochromis'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Haplochromini. Most of the tribe's members were at one time or another included in the present genus, but in many cases this was only temporary. Around the year 1900, as well 100 years later, the trend was to

split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enter ...

up the genus; especially in the mid-20th century, on the other hand, most authors lumped any and all Haplochromini that were not conspicuously distinct in the type genus.FishBase 009b/ref> While a number of

African Rift Valley The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. It was formerly considered to be part of a la ...

cichlids are certainly very close relatives of '' H. obliquidens'', the type species of the present genus, it is not very clear where to draw the boundary of ''Haplochromis'' with regard to its relatives. Still, several genera are now recognized as distinct by many authors and scientific databases, such as

FishBase FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web.

(see

below Below may refer to: *Earth *Ground (disambiguation) *Soil *Floor * Bottom (disambiguation) *Less than *Temperatures below freezing *Hell or underworld People with the surname * Ernst von Below (1863–1955), German World War I general * Fred Belo ...

); in particular the Haplochromini from

Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika ( ; ) is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake. It is the world's List of lakes by volume, second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the List of lakes by depth, second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. ...

and

Lake Malawi Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, () is an African Great Lakes, African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. It is ...

are usually removed from ''Haplochromis''. The genus delimitation in the entire tribe remains badly resolved, however, and further changes in

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

are likely in the future. In particular, between ''Haplochromis'', ''

Astatotilapia ''Astatotilapia'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae found in Eastern and Northern Africa, with a single species, ''A. flaviijosephi'', in Western Asia (the only non-African haplochromine). Many species have been moved be ...

'' and ''

Thoracochromis ''Thoracochromis'' is a fish genus of haplochromine cichlids that are endemic to Africa. Most species are from rivers in Angola and Namibia, or the Congo River Basin in Central Africa, but ''T. wingatii'' is from the Nile system. Additionally, t ...

'', species have been moved to and from over the years. The habit of

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...

ize is hampering

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies based on

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...

alone, while

trophic Trophic, from Ancient Greek τροφικός (''trophikos'') "pertaining to food or nourishment", may refer to: * Trophic cascade * Trophic coherence * Trophic egg * Trophic function * Trophic hormone * Trophic level index * Trophic level * ...

morphs of a single species may appear to be distinct "species" if they are not

phylogenetical In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data ...

ly studied. Several proposed genera are again included in ''Haplochromis'' at present, but it cannot be ruled out that some of these will eventually be recognized as valid again.

Species

There are currently 229 recognized species in this genus: * '' Haplochromis acidens''

Greenwood Green wood is unseasoned wood. Greenwood or Green wood may also refer to: People * Greenwood (surname) Settlements Australia * Greenwood, Queensland, a locality in the Toowoomba Region * Greenwood, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth ...

, 1967 * '' Haplochromis adolphifrederici''

Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer * Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo * George Albert Boulenger (1858– ...

, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis aelocephalus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1959 * '' Haplochromis aeneocolor''

, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis akika ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

Lippitsch Lippitsch (German) or Lipič (Upper Sorbian) is a village in the administrative district of Bautzen, in northeastern Saxony, in eastern Germany. It belongs to Upper Lusatia and was an independent municipality until 1977, when it was absorbed by M ...

, 2003 * ''

Haplochromis albertianus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Regan, 1929 * '' Haplochromis altigenis'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis ampullarostratus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Schraml, 2004 * ''

Haplochromis angustifrons ''Haplochromis angustifrons'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Uganda where it is found in Lake George, Lake Edward and the Kazinga Channel The Kazinga Channel in Uganda is a wide, long natural channel that links Lake Edward and Lake Ge ...

, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis annectidens ''Haplochromis annectidens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Nabugabo in Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, t ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis antleter'' Mietes & F. Witte, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis apogonoides ''Haplochromis apogonoides'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, but has not been seen since 1983. It may be extinct, but is maintained as Critically Endangered by the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUC ...

, 1967 * ''

Haplochromis arcanus ''Haplochromis arcanus'' is a species of cichlid of unclear conservation status endemism, endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

Haplochromis, arcanus Fish of Lake Victoria Fish de ...

& Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis argens'' de Zeeuw,

Westbroek Westbroek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of De Bilt, and lies about 6 km northwest of Bilthoven. Westbroek consists mainly of a ribbon of farms along a dike. The village is surrounded by a ...

& F. Witte, 2013 * ''

Haplochromis argenteus ''Haplochromis argenteus'' is a critically endangered species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Lake Victoria system in Africa. This species reaches a standard length of . The species declined rapidly after the Nile perch was introduced to ...

'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis artaxerxes ''Haplochromis artaxerxes'' was a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is only known from the Napoleon Gulf, in Uganda. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name uses the name of Artaxerxes I of Persia who was k ...

, 1962 * '' Haplochromis astatodon'' Regan, 1921 * '' Haplochromis avium'' Regan, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis azureus ''Haplochromis azureus'' is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to groups of islands in the middle part of the Speke Gulf in the Tanzanian part Lake Victoria. It is restricted to areas of steep, rocky beds where the females and no ...

'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis barbarae ''Haplochromis barbarae'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. The honors Honour (or honor in American English) is the quality of being honorable. Honor or Honour ...

, 1967 * '' Haplochromis bareli'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis bartoni ''Haplochromis bartoni'' was a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. It has not been recorded in recent surveys but as the whole of Lake Victoria has not been surveyed for this species the IUCN cla ...

, 1962 * '' Haplochromis bayoni''

, 1909 * '' Haplochromis beadlei'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis bicolor''

, 1906 * '' Haplochromis bloyeti'' (Sauvage, 1883) * '' Haplochromis boops''

, 1967 * '' Haplochromis brownae''

, 1962 * ''

Haplochromis bullatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Trewavas, 1938 * ''

Haplochromis bwathondii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Niemantsverdriet & F. Witte, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis cassius ''Haplochromis cassius'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it may now be extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, function ...

& Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis cavifrons ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * '' Haplochromis chilotes''

, 1911 * ''

Haplochromis chlorochrous ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifical ...

& Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis chromogynos''

, 1959 * '' Haplochromis chrysogynaion'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis cinctus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

& Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis cinereus''

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis cnester ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981 * ''

Haplochromis commutabilis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Schraml, 2004 (Kachira blue) * ''

Haplochromis coprologus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Niemantsverdriet & F. Witte, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis crassilabris ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis crebridens ''Haplochromis crebridens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East A ...

'' Snoeks, De Vos,

Coenen Coenen is a Dutch language, Dutch patronymic surname meaning "son of Coen (name)#Given name, Coen" (Conrad (name), Conrad). It is particularly common in Limburg (Netherlands), Dutch and Belgian Limburg. Variant spellings are ''Coene'', ''Koenen'' ...

& Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990 * '' Haplochromis crocopeplus''

& Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis cronus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1959 * ''

Haplochromis cryptodon ''Haplochromis cryptodon'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropics ...

, 1959 * '' Haplochromis cryptogramma''

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis cyaneus ''Haplochromis sp. nov.'' "Blue Rockpicker" is a species of cichlid endemic to the Tanzanian part of Lake Victoria. Its natural habitat is freshwater lakes. This species grows to a length of SL. This species is medium-sized and has a steep, ...

'' Seehausen, Bouton & Zwennes, 1998 * '' Haplochromis decticostoma''

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis degeni ''Haplochromis degeni'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is sometimes placed in the monotypic genus ''Platytaeniodus'', but FishBase leaves it in ''Haplochromis'' pending a thorough review of that group. This species grows to ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis dentex ''Haplochromis dentex'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, but has not been seen since 1987. It may be extinct, but is maintained as Critically Endangered by the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is ...

'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis dichrourus ''Haplochromis dichrourus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, but has not been seen since 1986. This species grows to a length of SL. It may be extinct, but is maintained as Critically Endangered by the IUCN The Internation ...

'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis diplotaenia ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Regan & Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis dolichorhynchus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis dolorosus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis eduardianus ''Haplochromis eduardianus'' is a species of cichlid Endemism, endemic to Uganda where it is found in Lake George (Uganda), Lake George, Lake Edward and the Kazinga Channel. This species can reach a length of fish measurement, SL. References

, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis eduardii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Regan, 1921 * '' Haplochromis elegans'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis empodisma''

, 1960 * ''

Haplochromis engystoma ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis erythrocephalus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis erythromaculatus ''Haplochromis erythromaculatus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Rwanda where it occurs in Lake Bulera, Lake Ruhondo Lake Ruhondo is a lake of northwestern Rwanda. It is located near Lake Bulera on the outskirts of Musanze. It is located a ...

'' De Vos, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis estor ''Haplochromis estor'' is a piscivorous species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. This cichlid was first documented by Charles Tate Regan Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) wa ...

'' Regan, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis eutaenia ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Regan & Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis exspectatus'' Schraml, 2004 * ''

Haplochromis fischeri ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichl ...

'' Seegers, 2008 * ''

Haplochromis flavipinnis ''Haplochromis flavipinnis'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropi ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis flavus ''Haplochromis flavus'', the yellow rockpicker, is a species of cichlid endemic to the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's lar ...

'' Seehausen, Zwennes &

, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis fuelleborni ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Hilgendorf &

Pappenheim Pappenheim is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Altmühl, south of Weißenburg in Bayern. History Historically, Pappenheim was a statelet within the Holy Roman Empire. It was ...

, 1903 (Fuelleborn's mouthbrooder) * ''

Haplochromis fuscus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

'' Regan, 1925 * ''

Haplochromis fusiformis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

& Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis gigas'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis gigliolii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

Pfeffer Pfeffer is a German language, German surname meaning "Black pepper, pepper" and may refer to: * Anna Pfeffer (born 1946), Hungarian Olympic medalist sprint canoer * Anshel Pfeffer, British journalist * Anton Pfeffer (born 1965), Austrian football ...

, 1896 * ''

Haplochromis gilberti ''Haplochromis gilberti'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a p ...

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis goldschmidti ''Haplochromis goldschmidti'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, where it is only known to occur with certainty in the southern part of the Emin Pasha Gulf. It feeds mainly on zooplankton and some insects. This species can reach a ...

'' F. Witte,

& de Zeeuw, 2013 * ''

Haplochromis gowersii ''Haplochromis gowersii'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name of this taxon honours the former Governor of Uganda William Frederick Gowers Sir William Frederick Gowers, K ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis gracilior ''Haplochromis gracilior'', known in Rwanda as the Boulenger's Kivu haplo and in the aquarium fish trade as Haplochromis 'torpedo stripe', is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo an ...

, 1914 (Torpedostripe haplochromis) * ''

Haplochromis granti ''Haplochromis granti'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria, though it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name honours the Scottish naturalist and explorer James Augustus Grant Lieutenant ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis graueri ''Haplochromis graueri'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Afr ...

, 1914 * ''

Haplochromis greenwoodi ''Haplochromis greenwoodi'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where they are found in the southeastern portion of the lake. Its preferred habitat consists of areas with rocky substrates. This species can reach a length of SL. The ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * '' Haplochromis guiarti'' Pellegrin, 1904 * '' Haplochromis harpakteridion'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis heusinkveldi ''Haplochromis heusinkveldi'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest trop ...

'' F. Wittee & Witte-Maas, 1987 * ''

Haplochromis hiatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

'' Hoogerhoud & F. Witte, 1981 * '' Haplochromis howesi'' van Oijen, 1992 * '' Haplochromis humilior''

, 1911 * '' Haplochromis humilis''

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1866 * '' Haplochromis igneopinnis'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * '' Haplochromis insidiae'' Snoeks, 1994 * ''

Haplochromis iris ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Hoogerhoud & F. Witte, 1981 * ''

Haplochromis ishmaeli ''Haplochromis ishmaeli'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is currently considered to be critically endangered, though it may now be extinct in the wild. This species can reach a length of SL. A captive "insurance populatio ...

, 1906 * '' Haplochromis kamiranzovu'' Snoeks,

& Thys van den Audenaerde, 1984 * '' Haplochromis katavi'' Seegers, 1996 (Katavi mouthbrooder) * ''

Haplochromis katonga ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Schraml & Tichy, 2010 * ''

Haplochromis katunzii ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' ter Huurne & F. Witte, 2010 * '' Haplochromis kujunjui'' van Oijen, 1991 * '' Haplochromis labiatus'' Trewavas, 1933 * '' Haplochromis labriformis'' Nichols & La Monte, 1938 * ''

Haplochromis lacrimosus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis laparogramma ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis latifasciatus ''Astatotilapia latifasciata'', formerly ''Haplochromis latifasciatus'', is a species of cichlid that is endemic to Uganda where restricted to the Lake Kyoga system, including Lake Bisina (a medium-sized lake to the east of Lake Kyoga itself) and ...

'' Regan, 1929 * ''

Haplochromis limax ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''

Haplochromis lividus ''Haplochromis lividus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropics, ...

, 1956 * ''

Haplochromis loati ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1971 * '' Haplochromis longirostris'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis luteus ''Haplochromis luteus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is known from the western park of Speke Gulf and also from the Sengerema region, all in Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a cou ...

'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis macconneli ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1974 * '' Haplochromis macrocephalus'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis macrognathus ''Haplochromis macrognathus'' is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Victoria in East Africa. This piscivorous species can reach a standard length of . Last seen in the early 1980s, it may now be extinct. References macrognathus ''M ...

'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis macrops ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1911 * ''

Haplochromis macropsoides ''Haplochromis macropsoides'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Uganda where it is known to occur in Lake George and the Kazinga Channel and may also be found in Lake Edward Lake Edward (locally Rwitanzigye or Rweru) is one of the smaller Af ...

, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis maculipinna ''Haplochromis maculipinna'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropi ...

'' Pellegrin, 1913 * ''

Haplochromis mahagiensis ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' L. R. David &

Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...

, 1937 * ''

Haplochromis maisomei ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''

Haplochromis malacophagus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the Family (biology), family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many ...

& Damas, 1939 * '' Haplochromis mandibularis''

, 1962 * ''

Haplochromis martini ''Haplochromis martini'' is a critically endangered species of cichlid fish that is endemic to the Lake Victoria system in Africa. It reaches a standard length of . The species declined rapidly after the Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victori ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis maxillaris ''Haplochromis maxillaris'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropic ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis mbipi ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default " wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlid ...

& Bouton, 1998 * ''

Haplochromis megalops ''Haplochromis megalops'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. References megalops Tarpon are fish of the genus ''Megalops''. They are the only members of the family Megalopidae. Of ...

& Gee, 1969 * '' Haplochromis melanopterus'' Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis melanopus'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis melichrous ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

& Gee, 1969 * ''

Haplochromis mentatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

'' Regan, 1925 * ''

Haplochromis mento ''Haplochromis mento'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. This species can reach a length of SL. References mento Mento is a style of Music of Jamaica, Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced ska ...

'' Regan, 1922 * ''

Haplochromis michaeli ''Haplochromis michaeli'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is critically endangered, thought it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. The specific name honours the collector of the type, the British ...

'' Trewavas, 1928 * '' Haplochromis microchrysomelas'' Snoeks, 1994 * ''

Haplochromis microdon ''Haplochromis microdon'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is critically endangered, though it may now be extinct. This species can reach a length of SL. References microdon Hover flies (family Syrphidae) of the ge ...

, 1906 * ''

Haplochromis multiocellatus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1913 * ''

Haplochromis mylergates ''Haplochromis mylergates'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is critically endangered An IUCN Red List critically endangered (CR or sometimes CE) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for ...

& Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis mylodon ''Haplochromis mylodon'' is a species of cichlid found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda where it occurs in the Kazinga Channel, Lake George and Lake Edward. This species can reach a length of SL. References mylodon ' ...

, 1973 * ''

Haplochromis nanoserranus ''Haplochromis nanoserranus'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria. It is critically endangered, though it may be extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become ...

& Barel, 1978 * ''

Haplochromis nigrescens ''Haplochromis nigrescens'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropic ...

'' Pellegrin, 1909 * ''

Haplochromis nigricans ''Haplochromis nigricans'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is known only known with certainty from Entebbe, Uganda, other populations now placed in ''H. rufocaudalis''. Its preferred habitat In ecology, habitat ...

, 1906 * '' Haplochromis nigripinnis'' Regan, 1921 * ''

Haplochromis nigroides ''Haplochromis nigroides'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Af ...

'' Pellegrin, 1928 * ''

Haplochromis niloticus ''Haplochromis'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids ...

, 1960 * ''

Haplochromis nubilus ''Haplochromis nubilus'', the blue Victoria mouthbrooder, is a species of cichlid found in the Lake Victoria system in East Africa. It inhabits shallow areas near shores. This species can reach a standard length of . It is omnivorous and feeds o ...

, 1906 (Blue Victoria mouthbrooder) * ''

Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus ''Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus'' is a species of cichlid found in Lake Victoria and the adjacent reaches of the Nile The Nile (also known as the Nile River or River Nile) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into ...

'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''

Haplochromis nyanzae ''Haplochromis nyanzae'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropics, ...

, 1962 * ''Haplochromis nyererei'' Witte-Maas & F. Witte, 1985 * ''Haplochromis obesus''

, 1906 * ''Haplochromis obliquidens'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''Haplochromis obtusidens'' Trewavas, 1928 * ''Haplochromis occultidens'' Snoeks, 1988 * ''Haplochromis oligolepis''

, 2003 * ''Haplochromis olivaceus'' Snoeks, De Vos,

& Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990 * ''Haplochromis omnicaeruleus'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''Haplochromis oregosoma''

, 1973 * ''Haplochromis orthostoma'' Regan, 1922 * ''Haplochromis pachycephalus''

, 1967 * ''Haplochromis pallidus''

, 1911 * ''Haplochromis paludinosus'' (

, 1980)f * ''Haplochromis pancitrinus'' Mietes & F. Witte, 2010 * ''Haplochromis pappenheimi''

, 1914 * ''Haplochromis paradoxus''

& Les Kaufman, Kaufman, 2003 * ''Haplochromis paraguiarti''

, 1967 * ''Haplochromis paraplagiostoma''

& Gee, 1969 * ''Haplochromis paropius''

& Gee, 1969 * ''Haplochromis parorthostoma''

, 1967 * ''Haplochromis parvidens''

, 1911 * ''Haplochromis paucidens'' Regan, 1921 * ''Haplochromis pellegrini'' Regan, 1922 * ''Haplochromis percoides''

, 1906 * ''Haplochromis perrieri'' Pellegrin, 1909 * ''Haplochromis petronius''

, 1973 * ''Haplochromis pharyngalis''

& Damas, 1939 * ''Haplochromis pharyngomylus'' Regan, 1929 * ''Haplochromis phytophagus''

, 1966 * ''Haplochromis piceatus''

& Gee, 1969 * ''Haplochromis pitmani'' Henry Weed Fowler, Fowler, 1936 * ''Haplochromis placodus''

& Damas, 1939 * ''Haplochromis plagiodon'' Regan & Trewavas, 1928 * ''Haplochromis plagiostoma'' Regan, 1922 * ''Haplochromis plutonius''

& Barel, 1978 * ''Haplochromis prodromus'' Trewavas, 1935 * ''Haplochromis prognathus'' Pellegrin, 1904 * ''Haplochromis pseudopellegrini''

, 1967 * ''Haplochromis ptistes''

& Barel, 1978 * ''Haplochromis pundamilia'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987 * ''Haplochromis pyrrhopteryx'' van Oijen, 1991 * ''Haplochromis retrodens'' Hilgendorf, 1888 * ''Haplochromis riponianus''

, 1911 * ''Haplochromis rubescens'' Snoeks, 1994 * ''Haplochromis rubripinnis'' Seehausen,

& Bouton, 1998 * ''Haplochromis rudolfianus'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''Haplochromis rufocaudalis'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''Haplochromis rufus'' Seehausen &

, 1998 * ''Haplochromis sauvagei''

, 1896 * ''Haplochromis saxicola''

, 1960 * ''Haplochromis scheffersi'' Snoeks, De Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987 * ''Haplochromis schubotzi''

, 1914 * ''Haplochromis schubotziellus''

, 1973 * ''Haplochromis serranus''

, 1896 * ''Haplochromis serridens'' Regan, 1925 * ''Haplochromis simotes''

, 1911 * ''Haplochromis simpsoni''

, 1965 * ''Haplochromis smithii'' Francis de Laporte de Castelnau, Castelnau, 1861 * ''Haplochromis snoeksi'' Soleil Wamuini Lunkayilakio, Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Emmanuel J. Vreven, Vreven, 2010 * ''Haplochromis spekii''

, 1906 * ''Haplochromis sphex'' ter Huurne & F. Witte, 2010 * ''Haplochromis squamipinnis'' Regan, 1921 * ''Haplochromis squamulatus'' Regan, 1922 * ''Haplochromis sulphureus''

& Barel, 1978 * ''Haplochromis tanaos'' van Oijen & F. Witte, 1996 * ''Haplochromis taurinus'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''Haplochromis teegelaari''

& Barel, 1978 * ''Haplochromis teunisrasi'' F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981 * ''Haplochromis theliodon''

, 1960 * ''Haplochromis thereuterion'' van Oijen & F. Witte, 1996 * ''Haplochromis thuragnathus''

, 1967 * ''Haplochromis tridens'' Regan & Trewavas, 1928 * ''Haplochromis turkanae''

, 1974 (Turkana haplo) * ''Haplochromis tyrianthinus''

& Gee, 1969 * ''Haplochromis ushindi'' van Oijen, 2004 * ''Haplochromis vanheusdeni'' Frederic D. B. Schedel, F. D. B. Schedel, John P. Friel, Friel & Ulrich K. Schliewen, U. K. Schliewen, 2014 * ''Haplochromis vanoijeni'' de Zeeuw & F. Witte, 2010 * ''Haplochromis velifer'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''Haplochromis venator''

, 1965 * ''Haplochromis vicarius'' Trewavas, 1933 * ''Haplochromis victoriae''

, 1956 * ''Haplochromis victorianus'' Pellegrin, 1904 * ''Haplochromis vittatus''

, 1901 * ''Haplochromis vonlinnei'' van Oijen & de Zeeuw, 2008 * ''Haplochromis welcommei''

, 1966 * ''Haplochromis worthingtoni'' Regan, 1929 * ''Haplochromis xanthopteryx'' Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 * ''Haplochromis xenognathus''

, 1957 * ''Haplochromis xenostoma'' Regan, 1922

Undescribed species

These populations are typically referred to by the names they have in the

fish trade. A number of them are likely to represent undescribed distinct species; others might just be subspecies or color morphs. Whether they all belong in ''Haplochromis'' is, of course, doubtful. Some of these populations are: * Haplochromis sp. '75', ''Haplochromis'' sp. '75' * Haplochromis sp. 'Amboseli', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'Amboseli' * Haplochromis sp. 'backflash cryptodon', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'backflash cryptodon' * Haplochromis sp. 'black cryptodon', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'black cryptodon' * Haplochromis sp. 'Chala', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'Chala' * Haplochromis sp. 'dusky wine-red fin', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'dusky wine-red fin' * Haplochromis sp. 'frogmouth', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'frogmouth' * Haplochromis sp. 'Kyoga flameback', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'Kyoga flameback' * Haplochromis sp. 'long snout', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'long snout' * Haplochromis sp. 'Migori', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'Migori' * Haplochromis sp. 'nigrofasciatus', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'nigrofasciatus' * Haplochromis sp. 'parvidens-like', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'parvidens-like' * Haplochromis sp. 'purple head', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'purple head' * Haplochromis sp. 'ruby', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'ruby' * Haplochromis sp. 'Rusinga oral sheller', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'Rusinga oral sheller' * Haplochromis sp. 'rainbow sheller', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'rainbow sheller' * Haplochromis sp. 'small obesoid', ''Haplochromis'' sp. 'small obesoid'

Formerly in ''Haplochromis''

Among other genera of Haplochromini that were formerly included here, many are small or monotypic. The distinctness of these is highly doubtful, as they may just be distinct lineages of ''Haplochromis'' or other haplochromines. That nonwithstanding, Haplochromini genera to which some former ''"Haplochromis"'' have been removed are in particular:Linke & Staeck (1994), FishBase 009b/ref> * ''Astatoreochromis'' (3 species) * ''

'' (9 described species) * ''Aulonocara'' (22 species) * ''Buccochromis'' (7 species) * ''Caprichromis'' (2 species) * ''Champsochromis'' (2 species) * ''Cheilochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Chetia'' (6 species) * ''Copadichromis'' (25 described species) * ''Ctenochromis'' (5 living and 1 extinct described species) * ''Ctenopharynx'' (3 species) * ''Cyrtocara'' (monotypic) * ''Dimidiochromis'' (4 species) * ''Eclectochromis'' (2 species) * ''Fossorochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Hemitaeniochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Lethrinops'' (24 species) * ''Maylandia/Metriaclima'' (25 species) * ''Mchenga'' (6 species) * ''Melanochromis'' (27 species) * ''Mylochromis'' (21 species) * ''Naevochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Nimbochromis'' (5 species) * ''Nyassachromis'' (8 species) * ''Orthochromis'' (14 species) * ''Otopharynx'' (13 species) * ''Pharyngochromis'' (2 species) * ''Placidochromis'' (43 species) * ''Protomelas'' (15 species) * ''Pundamilia'' (4 species) * ''Pseudocrenilabrus'' (3 species) * ''Sargochromis'' (8 species) * ''Schwetzochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Sciaenochromis'' (4 species) * ''Stigmatochromis'' (4 species) * ''Taeniochromis'' (monotypic) * ''Taeniolethrinops'' (4 species) * ''

'' (12 species) * ''Tramitichromis'' (5 species) * ''Trematocranus'' (3 species) * ''Tyrannochromis'' (4 species) Some other

were also – mainly by early authors – included in ''Haplochromis'', though they are not members of its

. These are: * ''Anomalochromis thomasi'' of the Hemichromini * ''Altolamprologus compressiceps'' of the Lamprologini * ''Tilapia jallae'' of the Tilapiini

Synonyms of ''Haplochromis''

With all the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic and systematics, systematic confusion affecting ''Haplochromis'' and its allies, it is hardly surprising that the genus has a large number of junior synonyms. Most referred to small or monotypic genera that were once considered distinct, but are now included in ''Haplochromis'' again, if only to wait for a major review of their status. Synonyms are: * ''Allochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Cleptochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Enterochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Gaurochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Harpagochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Labrochromis'' Regan, 1920 * ''Lipochromis'' Regan, 1920 * ''Platytaeniodus'' Boulenger, 1906 * ''Prognathochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Ptyochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Psammochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Tridontochromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Xystichromis'' Greenwood, 1980 * ''Yssichromis'' Greenwood, 1980 Sometimes other genera listed above are also synonymized.

Footnotes

References

* [2009a]
Valid ''Haplochromis'' species
Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * 009bbr>''Haplochromis'' taxa
Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * (2009):
2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
'. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20. * (2008): Dietary shift in benthivorous cichlids after the ecological changes in Lake Victoria. ''Animal Biology (journal), Anim. Biol.'' 58(4): 401-417. (HTML abstract) * (1994): ''African cichlids II: Cichlids from East Africa. A handbook for their identification, care and breeding.'' Tetra Press, Germany. * (2001): Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 20(3): 361–374. {{Authority control Haplochromis, Cichlid fish of Africa Cichlid genera Taxa named by Franz Martin Hilgendorf