''Hanseniaspora'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its

anamorph In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an ase ...

form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours

Emil Christian Hansen Emil Christian Hansen (8 May 1842 – 27 August 1909) was a Danish mycologist and fermentation physiologist. Early life and education Hansen was born in Ribe to Joseph Christian Hansen, a house-painter, and his wife Ane Catherina Dyhre. Be ...

(1842–1909), who was a Danish mycologist and fermentation physiologist. It was initially circumscribed by H. Zikes in 1911, but not validly published. Albert Klöcker published the name validly the following year. The genus is notable for its loss of many highly conserved genes responsible for

cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell (biology), cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA (DNA re ...

regulation and

genome A genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as ...

integrity, resulting in increased evolution rates and genome size reduction. It can be divided into two lineages: a faster-evolving lineage (FEL) diversifying about 87 mya, and a slower one diversifying about 52 mya. The FEL has more of such gene losses, resulting in more dramatic changes in the genome and inactivation of multiple metabolic pathways. However, it has managed to diversify and thrive, showing that life can function without such regulation.

Role in Fermentation

Due to their natural prevalence and resistance to osmotic pressure, several genera of ''Hanseniaspora'', particularly ''H. vinae'' and ''H. oenarum'', are significant contributors to early wine fermentation. However, as fermentation progresses and ethanol increases, ''Hanseniaspora'' is outcompeted, although ''H. osmophila'' is tolerable to ethanol concentrations of up to 11%. The use of ''H. vinae'' in wine fermentations has significant effects on end-product flavors. Compared to ''S. cerevisiae'', ''H. vinae'' produces more monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and acetoin. The primary olfactory contribution is 2-phenylethyl acetate, characterized by a floral, honey scent. In addition, ''H. vinae'' fermentation is marked by lower higher alcohols, ethyl esters, and medium chain fatty acids.

Species

*'' Hanseniaspora clermontiae'' *'' Hanseniaspora gamundiae'' *''

Hanseniaspora guilliermondii ''Hanseniaspora guilliermondii'' is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. In its anamorph form, it is called ''Kloeckera apis''. Taxonomy The initial sample of the species was isolated by South African pathologist Adrianus Pi ...

'' *'' Hanseniaspora lachancei'' *'' Hanseniaspora lindneri'' *'' Hanseniaspora meyeri'' *'' Hanseniaspora mollemarum'' *''

Hanseniaspora nectarophila ''Hanseniaspora'' is a genus of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours Emil ...

'' *''

Hanseniaspora occidentalis ''Hanseniaspora occidentalis'' is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. In its anamorph form, it was called ''Kloeckera javanica''. It has been isolated in the wild from soil samples and vineyards. Samples of a variant have b ...

'' *'' Hanseniaspora opuntiae'' *''

Hanseniaspora osmophila ''Hanseniaspora osmophila'' is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It is found in soil and among the bark, leaves, and fruits of plants, as well as fermented foods and beverages made from fruit. Taxonomy Albert Klöcker orig ...

'' *'' Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii'' *''

Hanseniaspora smithiae ''Hanseniaspora'' is a genus of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours Emil ...

'' *''

Hanseniaspora uvarum ''Hanseniaspora'' is a genus of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours Emil ...

'' *''

Hanseniaspora valbyensis ''Hanseniaspora'' is a genus of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours Emil ...

'' *''

Hanseniaspora vineae ''Hanseniaspora'' is a genus of yeasts. The name ''Kloeckera'' is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate (lemon-shaped) in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation. The genus name ''Hanseniaspora'' honours Emil ...

References

Saccharomycetes Ascomycota genera Yeasts Yeasts used in brewing Taxa described in 1912 {{yeast-stub

Role in Fermentation

Species

See also

References