Hans De Jode
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Hans de Jode or Jan de Jode (
The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...
, 1630 –
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, after 1662) was a
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...
known for his marine paintings, harbour scenes and Italianate landscapes. He left his native Holland at an early age and worked in Venice and Vienna. In the latter city where he likely lived the rest of his life, he was part of the circle of Dutch and Flemish artists with contacts to the Imperial court. Point of view #14: Hans de Jode's view of the Tip of the Seraglio with Topkapı Palace Presentation: 4 December 2015 – 27 March 2016
review on Codart


Life

Very little is known about this artist who is believed to have been born in The Hague in 1630.Hans De Jode
at the
Netherlands Institute for Art History The Netherlands Institute for Art History or RKD (Dutch: ), previously Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD), is located in The Hague and is home to the largest art history center in the world. The center specializes in document ...
He also trained as an artist in his native city.Miroslav Kindl, ''Netherlandish Artists in the Service of Bishop Karl von Lichtenstein-Castelcorno''
in: Ondřej Jakubec (ed.), Karl von Lichtenstein- Castelcorno (1624–1695) Bishop of Olomouc and Central European Prince, Olomouc 2019, pp. 265–282
The earliest documented reference to the artist dates to 1656. On 10 July of that year the painter Petrus Vignois addressed a petition to the
Hof van Holland The Hof van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland (; usually shortened to Hof van Holland in the literature, and translated in English literature as "(High) Court of Holland") was the High Court of the provinces of Holland, West Friesland and Zeeland ...
(Court of Holland, at that time the highest judicial authority in the Dutch Republic) from the jail in The Hague where he was locked up. In his petition Vignois recounts the events that had led to his arrest: on the evening of 25 August 1647 he and his fellow painters Hans de Jode, Carel Codde and Bartholomeus Appelman were strolling through The Hague when two men started following and harassing them. Despite the painters' entreaties for them to back off, they were forced to draw their swords. In the ensuing scuffle de Jode injured one of the men so badly that he died immediately. De Jode fled The Hague the same night. The three other painters stayed in The Hague until each of them set off on their study trip to Italy. The bailiff only started his proceedings against the foursome in 1653. Codde who was the only one who had come back to The Hague could quickly prove his innocence and was let go. The three others residing abroad were not even aware that proceedings had been commenced against them. Vignois was locked up upon his return from Italy in 1656. He mentions in his petition that it was believed that de Jode was at that moment residing in Venice or in Constantinople.Abraham Bredius (ed.), ''Künstler-Inventare. Urkunden zur Geschichte der holländischen Kunst des XVIten, XVIIten und XVIIIten Jahrhunderts''
vol. 7, The Hague 1921, pp. 2–6
This may be proof that de Jode may have really visited Constantinople.Guido Messling and Michael Odlozil, ''Point of view #14: A View of the “Burg desz grossen Türckhen” (Palace of the Great Turk)''
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 2015
After leaving Holland in a rush in 1647, de Jode is believed to have traveled first to Venice. Here he is likely to have encountered both Johann Anton Eismann, a painter of marine and battle scenes from Salzburg and Joseph Heintz the Younger, a painter of mythological and religious scenes from Augsburg. He is assumed to have travelled on to Rome, the destination of most Netherlandish artists of his time. The influence of the painterly and dramatic style of the Rome-based artist
Salvator Rosa Salvator Rosa (1615 – March 15, 1673) is best known today as an Italian Baroque painter, whose romanticized landscapes and history paintings, often set in dark and untamed nature, exerted considerable influence from the 17th century into the ...
on de Jode's work seems to support such visit to Rome. De Jode's landscapes further reprise motifs of the so-called
Bamboccianti The ''Bamboccianti'' were genre painters active in Rome from about 1625 until the end of the seventeenth century. Most were Dutch and Flemish artists who brought existing traditions of depicting peasant subjects from sixteenth-century Netherl ...
, a group of mainly Dutch and Flemish genre painters active in Rome who created small
cabinet painting A cabinet painting (or cabinet picture) is a small painting, typically no larger than in either dimension, but often much smaller. The term is especially used for paintings that show full-length figures or landscapes at a small scale, rather th ...
s of the
everyday life Everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily basis. Everyday life may be described as mundane, routine, natural, habitual, or Normality (behavior), normal. Human diurna ...
of the lower classes in Rome and its countryside. De Jode left Italy for Vienna no later than 1659, the year in which he painted the ''View of the Tip of the Seraglio with Topkapi Palace'' (
Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ( "Vienna Museum of art history, Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, i ...
). The next year de Jode worked along with Jan van Ossenbeeck and Nikolaus van Hoy on a publication documenting the stage set made for the premiere of Giovanni Francesca Marcello's play 'Il Pelope Geloso'.Miroslav Kindl, ''Die niederländischen Künstler der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts in Diensten der Fürsten von Liechtenstein in Feldsberg (Valtice)''
in: Liechtensteinisch-Tschechische Historikerkommission (Hrsg.), 'Die Liechtenstein und die Kunst' Band 3, Vaduz, HWFL, 2014, pp. 172–173
The only lifetime record on de Jode was made on the occasion of his wedding with Elisabeth Gaillet on 8 January 1662 in the Schottenkirche (Scottish church) in Vienna. Witnesses at the wedding were two Flemish artists from Antwerp, the painter Jan de Herdt and the printmaker Franciscus van der Steen. Van der Steen had arrived in Vienna when
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts. He held a number of military commands, with limited success, a ...
gave up his position as governor of the Spanish Netherlands and returned to Vienna in 1656. The presence of two Flemish artists at his wedding demonstrates that de Jode moved in the circle of Netherlandish artists who worked in Vienna, often on commissions of the imperial court. De Jode died not long after his marriage as no paintings by him dated after 1661 are known. Between 1677 and 1680 Prince Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein, the founder of the Liechtenstein collections, acquired 11 paintings by de Jode for the picture gallery in his palace at
Valtice Valtice (; ) is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants. It is known as part of Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre is ...
in the
South Moravian Region The South Moravian Region (; , ; ), or just South Moravia, is an Regions of the Czech Republic, administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, th ...
. Many of these sales were brokered by the Flemish landscape painter Renier Meganck from Brussels. Stylistic similarities between the works of Meganck and de Jode suggest that Meganck spent some time in the latter's workshop and possibly even took over de Jode's workshop after his death. Meganck clearly acted as de Jode's testamentary executioner.


Work

De Jode was a specialist landscape painter who created marine paintings, harbour scenes and Italianate landscapes. His oeuvre reflects the ideas and motifs with which he familiarised himself during his residence in Italy. Johann Anton Eismann likely aroused in him an interest in marine painting while Joseph Heintz the Younger's use of dramatic lighting was influential on the use of light in his work. The painterly qualities and dramatic lighting in the work of the Salvator Rosa were further influences. The Bamboccianti painters with their representations of low-life scenes of every-day life amidst landscapes informed the choice of some of his paintings. The Dutch Italianate landscape painters such as
Karel Dujardin Karel Dujardin (September 27, 1626November 20, 1678) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Although he did a few portraits and a few history paintings of religious subjects, most of his work is small Italianate landscape scenes with animals and peasan ...
or
Nicolaes Berchem Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem (1 October 1620 – 18 February 1683) was a highly esteemed and prolific Dutch Golden Age painter of pastoral landscapes, populated with mythological or biblical figures, but also of a number of allegories and genre ...
who created harbour views and Arcadian landscapes bathed in a warm southern light can also be found in de Jode's work. Two of de Jode's signed landscapes now in the
Castelvecchio Museum Castelvecchio Museum (Italian: Museo Civico di Castelvecchio) is a museum in Verona, northern Italy, located in the eponymous medieval castle. Restoration by the architect Carlo Scarpa between 1959 and 1973 has enhanced the appearance of the ...
in Verona, which are dated 1657, clearly show the influence of these disparate inspirations. This is particularly marked in the ''Harbour scene with classical elements'', where the Bamboccianti inspiration is evident in the staffage on the quay and the influence of Salvator Rosa and the Duch Arcadian landscape painters in the classical elements and towers.Hans de Jode, ''Marina con barche all'approdo e torrioni''
at Finarte auction of 20 May 2008 Milan lot 28
The Northern-European influence is also visible in the figures and his attention to the atmospheric rendering of the scene, in particular through the modulation of the light. His ''View of the Tip of the Seraglio with Topkapı Palace'' (1659,
Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ( "Vienna Museum of art history, Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, i ...
) is regarded by some as evidence that he visited Constantinople in the 1650s. However, as his view includes certain inaccuracies it is more likely that he based the view on multiple sources, including prints, of the city which he conflated into his composition.


References


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jode, Hans De 1630 births 1662 deaths Dutch Golden Age painters Dutch male painters Dutch landscape painters Dutch marine artists Painters from The Hague