Hans Chiari ( , ; 4 September 1851 − 6 May 1916) was a

pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

from

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

. He was the son of

gynecologist Gynaecology or gynecology (see American and British English spelling differences) is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the female reproductive system. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pre ...

Johann Baptist Chiari Johann Baptist Chiari (15 June 1817 – 11 December 1854) was an Austrian gynecologist and obstetrician born in Salzburg. In 1841 he received his medical doctorate at Vienna, where he subsequently practiced obstetrics and gynecology for most of h ...

(1817–1854) and the brother of

otorhinolaryngologist Otorhinolaryngology ( , abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical an ...

Ottokar Chiari (1853–1918).

Biography

Chiari studied medicine in Vienna, where he was an assistant to Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky (1804–1878) and Richard Ladislaus Heschl (1824–1881). In 1878 he received his habilitation in

pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, macroscopic, Histopathology, microscopic, biochemical, immu ...

, and within a few years became an associate professor at the University of Prague. At

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

he was also superintendent of the pathological-anatomical museum. In 1906 he relocated to the

University of Strasbourg The University of Strasbourg (, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52,000 students and 3,300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during ...

as a professor of pathological anatomy. Chiari's research dealt largely with postmortem examinations, and most of his numerous writings are the result of

autopsies An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; ...

. In the 1890s he described a condition involving deformities of the

cerebellum The cerebellum (: cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for 'little brain') is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates. Although usually smaller than the cerebrum, in some animals such as the mormyrid fishes it may be as large as it or eve ...

, and

brainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The midbrain is conti ...

in children with herniation of the

spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the lower brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals. The center of the spinal c ...

.Arnold–Chiari malformation
@

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograp ...

The phenomenon was later to become known as the " Arnold–Chiari malformation", named after Chiari and German pathologist,

Julius Arnold Julius Arnold (19 August 1835 – 3 February 1915) was a German pathologist born in Zurich. He was the son of anatomist Friedrich Arnold (1803–1890). He studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Prague, Vienna and Berlin, where he wa ...

(1835–1915). The malformation was given its name in 1907 by two of Dr. Arnold's students. Another medical term named after Chiari is the

Budd–Chiari syndrome Budd–Chiari syndrome is a condition when an occlusion or obstruction in the hepatic veins prevent normal outflow of blood from the liver. The symptoms are non-specific and vary widely, but it may present with the classical triad of abdomin ...

, which is

ascites Ascites (; , meaning "bag" or "sac") is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. Symptoms may include increased abdo ...

and

cirrhosis Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is a chronic condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced ...

of the

liver The liver is a major metabolic organ (anatomy), organ exclusively found in vertebrates, which performs many essential biological Function (biology), functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of var ...

caused by an obstruction of the

hepatic veins In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the veins that drain venous blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava (as opposed to the hepatic portal vein which conveys blood from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver). There are usually thr ...

due to a blood clot. It is named in conjunction with British physician

George Budd George Budd M.D. (23 February 1808 – 14 March 1882) was an English physician, medical writer and academic. Life He was born at North Tawton, Devon, on 23 February 1808, the third son of Samuel Budd, a surgeon there, and with six brothers enter ...

(1808–1882). Lastly, Chiari is also famous for describing the "Chiari network", an embryonic remnant found in the

right atrium The atrium (; : atria) is one of the two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system. The blood in the atria is pumped into the heart ventricles through the atrioventricular mitral and tricuspid heart valves. ...

, first published in 1897.

Publications

* "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Deutsche medicinische Wochenschrift'', Berlin, 1891, 17: 1172–1175 – On cerebellar changes caused by

hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is a condition in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the brain, which can cause pressure to increase in the skull. Symptoms may vary according to age. Headaches and double vision are common. Elderly adults with n ...

of the

cerebrum The cerebrum (: cerebra), telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres) as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfac ...

. * "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns, der Pons und der Medulla oblongata, infolge von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien'', 1895, 63: 71. – On changes to the cerebellum,

pons The pons (from Latin , "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum. The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of ...

and the

medulla oblongata The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involun ...

, caused by hydrocephalus of the cerebrum.

References

* * * * * * *

External links

* Weill Cornell Chiari CARE http://weillcornellbrainandspine.org/chiari * The Chiari Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070336/http://chiariinstitute.com/ * The Chiari Center of Wisconsin http://www.wichiaricenter.org/
Hans Chiari
@

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiari, Hans Pathologists from Austria-Hungary 1851 births 1916 deaths Physicians from Vienna Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg

Biography

Publications

See also

References

External links