Hannibal Macarthur
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Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur (16 January 1788 – 21 October 1861) was an Australian colonist, politician, businessman and
wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have some properties similar to animal w ...
pioneer. The nephew of John Macarthur and son-in-law of former
New South Wales governor The governor of New South Wales is the representative of the monarch, King Charles III, in the state of New South Wales. In an analogous way to the governor-general of Australia, Governor-General of Australia at the national level, the governor ...
,
Philip Gidley King Captain Philip Gidley King (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detai ...
, he was well-connected in the early colony of New South Wales.


First sojourn in New South Wales

Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur was born on 16 January 1788 at
Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...
,
Devonshire, England Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...
. His father, James Macarthur, a draper, was the elder brother of John Macarthur. When his uncle John returned to
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
after resigning his commission to avoid being posted to
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island ( , ; ) is an States and territories of Australia, external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head, New South Wales, Evans Head and a ...
, he persuaded Hannibal to join him. Hannibal arrived at Sydney on 9 June 1805.Margaret Steven, "Macarthur, John (1766–1834)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur (1788–1861): accessed 15 September 2011. He left
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
in 1808 for
England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
by way of China and the Philippines, where he unsuccessfully traded sandalwood for his uncle John, arriving home in 1810.


Return to New South Wales

Hannibal arrived back in Sydney in August 1812 per his uncle's ship, the ''Isabella'' with a cargo for sale in the colony and to help his uncle's wife,
Elizabeth Macarthur Elizabeth Macarthur (14 August 1766 – 9 February 1850) was an English-born landowner and businesswomen who was wife of John Macarthur. Early life Elizabeth Macarthur was born in Bridgerule England, the daughter of provincial farmers, Rich ...
in John's absence. He gained recognition while caring for his uncle's
merino The Merino is a list of sheep breeds, breed or group of breeds of domestic sheep, characterised by very fine soft wool. It was established in Spain near the end of the Middle Ages, and was for several centuries kept as a strict Spanish monop ...
sheep during his absences, and by 1817 was able secure land for his own merino flocks, and run a trading store. He actively participated in the intrigues of the time and through his connections became prominent in the community and local politics. He joined the
New South Wales Legislative Council The New South Wales Legislative Council, often referred to as the upper house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of New South Wales, parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales. Along with the New South Wales Legislative As ...
in 1830, representing the conservatives in the nominated, and then part-elected Council for
Parramatta Parramatta (; ) is a suburb (Australia), suburb and major commercial centre in Greater Western Sydney. Parramatta is located approximately west of the Sydney central business district, Sydney CBD, on the banks of the Parramatta River. It is co ...
until 1848. He also had a directorship in the newly created
Bank of Australia The Bank of Australia was a failed financial institution of early colonial New South Wales. It was formed in 1826 and collapsed in 1843. Founding The Bank of Australia was formed in 1826 by a producers' and merchants' group as a rival to the ...
, but at its collapse in 1843 Macarthur became insolvent, lost most of his property, and relocated to
Ipswich Ipswich () is a port town and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough in Suffolk, England. It is the county town, and largest in Suffolk, followed by Lowestoft and Bury St Edmunds, and the third-largest population centre in East Anglia, ...
, in the Moreton Bay District of the Colony of New South Wales (later the
Colony of Queensland The Colony of Queensland was a colony of the British Empire from 1859 to 1901, when it became a State in the federal Australia, Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. At its greatest extent, the colony included the present-day Queensland, ...
), where he was given a commission as police magistrate from 1 January 1852.


Family

In 1812 at St Marylebow, London, Hannibal Macarthur married Anna Maria King. Anna was born on 22 April 1793 on
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island ( , ; ) is an States and territories of Australia, external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head, New South Wales, Evans Head and a ...
, the daughter of
Philip Gidley King Captain Philip Gidley King (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detai ...
, later governor of
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
, and his wife Anna Josepha (née Coombe). The couple had at least four daughters. One, Elizabeth (17 May 181527 November 1899), married Philip Gidley King, son of
Philip Parker King Phillip Parker King (13 December 1791 – 26 February 1856) was an early explorer of the Australian and Patagonian coasts. Early life and education King was born on Norfolk Island, to Philip Gidley King and Anna Josepha King ''née'' Coom ...
. Another, Anna (7 December 181623 June 1852), married
John Clements Wickham John Clements Wickham (21 November 17986 January 1864) was a Scotland, Scottish explorer, naval officer, magistrate and administrator. He was first lieutenant on during its Second voyage of HMS Beagle, second survey mission, 1831–1836, un ...
. A third, Catherine (14 June 181810 April 1894) married Patrick Leslie.C.G. Drury Clarke, "Captain John Clements Wickham, R.N. his antecedents and descendants" (1984) ''Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland'', Vol. 12 no. 1, pp. 1–25 . A fourth, Emmeline (10 July 1828 – 23 December 1911), married George Farquhar Leslie (brother to Patrick Leslie). A son, John Alexander (January 1827 - June 23, 1904), married Clara Pollard and after her death, Mary Goodrich.


Later years and death

His wife Anna died on 1 September 1852 at Woodend, Ipswich and was buried in the
Ipswich General Cemetery The Ipswich General Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Ipswich, Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It is the second oldest cemetery in Queensland. It is owned by Ipswich City Council, but the council have outsourced the day-to-day oper ...
. After her death, Hannibal Macarthur returned to England, where he died at Norwood on 21 October 1861, and is buried at
West Norwood Cemetery West Norwood Cemetery is a rural cemetery in West Norwood in London, England. It was also known as the South Metropolitan Cemetery. One of the first private landscaped cemeteries in London, it is one of the " Magnificent Seven" cemeteries of ...
. His wife Anna was commemorated with a baptismal font bowl and plaque at St Pauls Anglican Church at Ipswich by Queensland Women's Historical Association, unveiled on 25 February 1966 by Sir
Henry Abel Smith Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith, (8 March 1900 – 24 January 1993) was a British Army officer who served as Governor of Queensland, Australia. He married Lady May Cambridge, a niece of Queen Mary, consort of King George V. Early life and fa ...
,
Governor of Queensland The governor of Queensland is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in the state of Queensland. In an analogous way to the governor-general of Australia, governor-general at the national level, the governor Governors of ...
.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur, Hannibal Hawkins Settlers of Australia 1788 births 1861 deaths Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council Burials at West Norwood Cemetery 19th-century Australian businesspeople 19th-century Australian politicians