Hamont-Achel Dialect
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Hamont-Achel dialect (, ) or Hamont-Achel Limburgish is the city dialect and variant of
Limburgish Limburgish ( or ; ; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) refers to a group of South Low Franconian Variety (linguistics), varieties spoken in Belgium and the Netherlands, characterized by their distance to, and limited participation ...
spoken in the Belgian city of
Hamont-Achel Hamont-Achel (; ) is a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality and City status in Belgium, city located in the Belgium, Belgian province of Limburg (Belgium), Limburg. It was founded in 1977 by a fusion of the city Hamont and the village Achel. O ...
alongside the
Dutch language Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the List of languages by total number of speak ...
(with which it is not mutually intelligible). Native speakers of the dialect tend to call it either ''Haëmets'' or ''Achels'', depending on where they are from (the former city of Hamont or the former village of Achel).


Phonology

The following section describes the dialect as it is spoken in Hamont.


Consonants

* are bilabial, whereas are
labiodental In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth, such as and . In English, labiodentalized /s/, /z/ and /r/ are characteristic of some individuals; these may be written . Labiodental consonants in ...
. is a bilabial approximant . In this article, it is transcribed with , following the recommendations of Carlos Gussenhoven regarding transcribing the corresponding Standard Dutch phone. *The word-initial cluster can be realized as . * do not occur as frequently as in many other dialects, and can be said to be marginal phonemes. * is a
uvular trill The voiced uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital version of the Latin letter r. This consonant is one of ...
. Word-finally it is devoiced to either a fricative or a fricative trill . *Other allophones include . They appear in contexts similar to Belgian Standard Dutch. *Voiceless consonants are regressively assimilated. An example of this is the past tense of regular verbs, where voiceless stops and fricatives are voiced before the past tense morpheme . *Word-final voiceless consonants are voiced in intervocalic position.


Vowels

The Hamont-Achel dialect contains 22 monophthong and 13 diphthong phonemes. The amount of monophthongs is higher than that of consonants.


Monophthongs

On average, long vowels are 95 ms longer than short vowels. This is very similar to Belgian Standard Dutch, in which the difference is 105 ms. The quality of the monophthongs is as follows: * are similar to the corresponding cardinal vowels , but none of them are quite as peripheral. * Among the front rounded vowels, , and are phonetically central like and : (), whereas and are front , similar to the corresponding cardinal vowels. is near-close and slightly advanced from the central position. The phonetic distance between it and the close-mid is not very great; the same has been reported in the Ripuarian dialect of Kerkrade spoken on the Germany–Netherlands border. At the same time, is phonetically similar to the unstressable and the two differ mainly in rounding. * is somewhat lower and more central than . * The short and are somewhat higher and more front () than their long counterparts.


Monophthong-glide combinations

Unlike in the neighboring dialect of Weert, all monophthong-glide combinations which are not phonemic diphthongs are restricted to the
syllable coda A syllable is a basic unit of organization within a sequence of speech sounds, such as within a word, typically defined by linguists as a ''nucleus'' (most often a vowel) with optional sounds before or after that nucleus (''margins'', which are ...
. Those are mostly preceded by a vowel, and they are and the marginal . There also are two combinations of a vowel followed by , which are and .


Diphthongs

Dialect of Hamont-Achel contrasts long and short closing diphthongs. The long ones are on average 70 ms longer than their short equivalents. Centering diphthongs are all long. * The starting points of are close to the corresponding cardinal vowels . * The starting point of is near-open central . * The ending points of are rather close, more like than . * The ending point of is slightly more open () than those of the other closing diphthongs. * The starting points of and are more central than the corresponding cardinal vowels: . * The target of the centering diphthongs is a rather close schwa . * The starting points of are somewhat lower () than the corresponding cardinal vowels. * The starting point of is somewhat lower and somewhat more central () than the corresponding cardinal vowel. * The starting point of is somewhat higher and somewhat more central () than the corresponding cardinal vowel.


Prosody

Like most other Limburgish dialects, but unlike some other dialects in this area, the prosody of the Hamont-Achel dialect has a lexical tone distinction, which is traditionally referred to as ''stoottoon'' ('push tone') or ''Accent 1'', which generally has a shortening effect on the syllable and ''sleeptoon'' ('dragging tone') or ''Accent 2''. As in other articles, the latter is transcribed as a high tone, whereas the former is not marked. The difference between Accent 1 and Accent 2 can signal either lexical differences or grammatical distinctions, such as those between the singular and the plural forms of some nouns. It is phonemic only in stressed syllables, an example of a minimal pair is '(record) sleeve' vs. 'house'.


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamont-Achel Dialect Hamont-Achel Languages of Belgium Limburg (Belgium) Low Franconian languages West Limburgish dialects City colloquials