Hamengkubuwono X
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Sri Shri (; , ) is a Sanskrit term denoting resplendence, wealth and prosperity, primarily used as an honorific. The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as Assamese, Meitei ( Manipuri), Marathi, Malay (including In ...
Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
Hamengkubawono X ( Hanacaraka: , also spelled as Hamengkubawana X, often abbreviated as HB X; born Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946) is the
Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
of the historic
Yogyakarta Sultanate The Sultanate of Yogyakarta, officially the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ( ; ), is a Javanese monarchy in Yogyakarta Special Region, in the Republic of Indonesia. The current head of the sultanate is Hamengkubuwono X. Yogyakart ...
in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
and is currently also the
Governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...
of the modern
Yogyakarta Special Region The Special Region of Yogyakarta is a province-level special region of Indonesia in southern Java. It is a semi-enclave that is surrounded by on the landward side by Central Java Province to the west, north, and east, but has a long coastline ...
(). Hamengkubawono X succeeded his father,
Hamengkubuwono IX Shri#South and Southeast Asia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Javanese script, Hanacaraka: ; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese people, Javanese royal who was the second Vice P ...
, as the Sultan of Yogyakarta when Hamengkubuwono IX died on 3 October 1988. Hamengkubuwono X was formally installed as Sultan on 7 March 1989. However, the position of the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region did not go to Hamengkubuwono X. Vice Governor Sri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead controversially elevated to the position of governor. This was contrary to the agreement made at the independence of Indonesia in recognition of Hamengkubuwono IX's support and role in the
Indonesian War of Independence The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during ...
. Under the agreement, the Sultan holds the position of governor in the Yogyakarta Special Region, and the Paku Alam holds the position of vice governor. On 30 August 2012, following a decade of talks between Yogyakarta and the central government, the national legislature of Indonesia formally enshrined in law the convention that the Sultan inherited the position of governor.


Background

Hamengkubuwono X was a graduate of Public Administration at the
Faculty of Law A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, sc ...
of
Gadjah Mada University Gadjah Mada University (; , abbreviated as UGM) is a public research university located in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Officially founded on 19 December 1949, Gadjah Mada University is one of the oldest and largest institut ...
in
Yogyakarta Yogyakarta is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by Hamengkubuwono, a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an importan ...
. He was active as Chairman of the
Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry () or Kadin is an association of business organisations in Indonesia. Members of this organisation consist of entrepreneurs or a combination of national businesses from various sectors, both private ...
of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Chairman of the Sports Committee of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, chairman and managing director of PT Punokawan Construction, President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Expert Counsel to the Governor. Hamengkubuwono X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX in the spirit of Indonesian nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests in support of the May 1998 student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner. He was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period that sparked the Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President
B. J. Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (; 25 June 1936 – 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian politician, engineer and scientist who served as the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Less than three months after his inauguration as the seventh ...
had neither
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
al nor legal rights to take over the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned. Hamengkubuwono X has stated his vision for his region and the Sultanate are the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world-famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens. He was nominated by popular choice, to the
Golkar The Party of Functional Groups (), often known by its abbreviation Golkar, is a Centre politics, centre to Centre-right politics, centre-right big tent secular nationalist political parties in Indonesia, political party in Indonesia. Founded in ...
Yogyakarta Assembly as a presidential candidate for the
2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a President of Indonesia, president and Vice President of Indonesia, vice president for the 2009–2014 term. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elec ...
campaign. Hamengkubuwono X, though widely respected across all parties and nationwide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside
Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...
and was unsuccessful to attain a first-round voting position. In 2010, he formed Nasional Demokrat together with
Surya Paloh Surya Dharma Paloh (born 16 July 1951) is an Indonesian politician and media mogul. He owns Media Group, a conglomerate company that includes the ''Media Indonesia'' daily newspaper and ''MetroTV,'' a 24-hour news television channel. In politics, ...
which later became the
NasDem Party The NasDem Party () or the National Democratic Party () is a political party in Indonesia. It is partly funded by media baron Surya Paloh who founded the similarly named organization, National Democrats (). Despite this, and logo similarity, Nasi ...
. Hamengkubuwono X later left the organization prior to the political inception, unhappy with its transformation into a political party.


Personal life

Hamengkubuwono X has discontinued the
polygamist Polygamy (from Late Greek , "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marriage, marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, it is called polygyny. When a woman is married to more tha ...
tradition of Javanese monarchs having several wives and possibly multiple
concubine Concubinage is an interpersonal relationship, interpersonal and Intimate relationship, sexual relationship between two people in which the couple does not want to, or cannot, enter into a full marriage. Concubinage and marriage are often regarde ...
s, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system. He is married to Queen Hemas. Together they have five daughters, Crown Princess Mangkubumi, Princess Condrokirono, Princess Maduretno, Princess Hayu, and Princess Bendoro. His decision to appoint his eldest daughter as
heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir app ...
ended the previously
agnatic primogeniture Primogeniture () is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relat ...
succession and has become subject to controversies. Hamengkubuwono X resides in the
Keraton Yogyakarta The Royal Palace of Yogyakarta (, ) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Yogyakarta Sultanate, Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese ...
complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.


Family

Source:


Parents

Father — Sri Sultan
Hamengkubuwono IX Shri#South and Southeast Asia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Javanese script, Hanacaraka: ; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese people, Javanese royal who was the second Vice P ...
Mother — Raden Ajeng Siti Kustina (Bandara Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Kanjeng Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Raden Ayu Adipati Anum)


Consort and Issue

* Queen Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas (born Tatiek Drajad Suprihastuti, then Bandara Raden Ayu Mangkubumi; daughter of Colonel Raden Subanadigda Sastrapranata) ** Crown Princess Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Mangkubumi Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana Langgeng ing Mataram (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmalita Sari, then Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pembayun; 24 February 1972), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Wironegoro on 28 May 2002 and have issue; one daughter and one son. ** Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Condrokirono (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmagupita; 2 February 1975), married Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Suryokusumo on December and divorced in 2007. They have one son. ** Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduretno (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurkamnari Dewi; 12 April 1978), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Purbodiningrat on 9 May 2008 ** Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurabra Juwita; 24 December 1983), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Notonegoro on 22 October 2013 and have two sons. ** Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendoro (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurastuti Wijareni; 18 September 1986), married Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Yudanegara on 18 October 2011 and have issue; one daughter and one son. ** **


Siblings

* Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Joyokusumo * Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Hadiwinoto * Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Prabukusuma * Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Yudhaningrat


Titles and honours


Titles

In Javanese Kraton (palaces)
names A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A person ...
of individuals change with respect to change in status: * From birth until marriage : ''Bendoro Raden Mas'' Herjuno Darpito * Post-nuptial until appointment as ''Crown Prince'' : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya (KGPH) Mangkubumi * As
Heir Apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...
Crown Prince'' : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom (KGPAAn) Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Nalendra Mataram.'' * As Sultan : ''Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senapati ing Ngalogo Ngabdurrokhman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang jumeneng kaping X'' His style and title in full English : ''His Majesty The Sultan Hamengkubuwono the Tenth, Commander-in-chief in war, Servant of the Most Gracious, Cleric and Caliph that Safeguards the Religion''


Honours


National

*: **
Star of Mahaputera Star of Mahaputera (Indonesian language, Indonesian:''Bintang Mahaputera'') is the second highest honorary award awarded by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, one level below the Star of the Republic of Indonesia. This honorary award was ...
(3rd Class) () (2007) ** Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, () (30 years) ** Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, () (20 years) ** Civil Servants' Long Service Medal, () (10 years) ** Medal for Contributing in the National Development, () ** Medal for Providing an Example of Meritorious Personality, () ** Medal for Service in the Field of Social Welfare, () ** Badge of Melati ** Badge of Dharma Bhakti ** Badge of Pancawarsa IV ** Badge of Pancawarsa VII


Foreign honours

* ** Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash of the
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria () is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria. It is divided into 15 classes and is the highest award in the Austrian national honours system. History The Decoration of Hono ...
- 1996 *: **
Order of the Rising Sun The is a Japanese honors system, Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government, created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State. The badge feat ...
, Gold and Silver Star - 2022 *: ** Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Orange-Nassau The Order of Orange-Nassau () is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands. The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has performed acts of special merits for ...


Honorary degree

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Tasmania, Australia (2015)


See also

*
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties The following is a list of Sunni dynasties. Asia Arabian Peninsula * Ziyadid dynasty (819–1018) * Banu Wajih (926–965) * Sulaymanids (1063–1174) * Mahdids (1159–1174) * Kathiri (Hadhramaut) (1395–1967) * Al-Jabriyun (1417–1521) * ...
* Kejawèn religion


References


External links


YogYes Official Yogyakarta Tourism websiteOfficial Website for Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono XIn Indonesian
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamengkubuwono 10 1946 births Living people People from Yogyakarta Sultans of Yogyakarta Governors of Yogyakarta Gadjah Mada University alumni Golkar politicians Indonesian royalty Javanese people Sons of sultans