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The Hamburg Sign Language Notation System (HamNoSys) is a transcription system for all sign languages (including
Handshape describes the shape of the hand, for example, how many fingers should be extended to what, if any, degree the fingers should be bent, and the location of the thumb. The most common symbols used in this category contain an oval with lines to symbolize fingers extended, curved lines to describe how fingers should be bent (with corresponding numbers 1-5 to signify which finger), and any marks or breaks inside the oval can symbolize the distance between the fingers and palm.
# Hand orientation is also part of the same segment as (3). These show, for example, the palm orientation or direction the extended fingers are pointing. When discussing palm orientation, the symbols include narrow ovals with one thick side, that side facing different directions, in combination with small carrots signaling certain or more advanced angles, and pointing concerning something else.
# Hand location describes where one's hand is when signing compared to one's body. Some signs occur in front of the sternum or shoulders, while others at the chin or temple. Using symbols that often look like the body parts being described, locations of are marked by a black square placed in the feature's orientation.
# Movement (Optional) denotes any movement in the signs, like a finger pointing up then down or a sign traveling from left to right of the sternum. These are often complex, using symbols similar to those in hand orientation (4) with arrows and carrots, with lines that can symbolize straight, wavy, or circular movements. There are also characters like brackets or parentheses to separate sequential or unified movements.
American sign language
American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language that serves as the predominant sign language of Deaf communities in the United States and most of Anglophone Canadians, Anglophone Canada. ASL is a complete and organized visual language that i ...
). It has a direct correspondence between symbols and gesture aspects, such as hand location, shape and movement. It was developed in 1984 at the University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (, also referred to as UHH) is a public university, public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System ('':de:Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen, ...
, Germany. it is in its fourth revision.
Though it has roots in Stokoe notation, HamNoSys does not identify with any specific national diversified fingerspelling system, and as such is intended for a wider range of applications than Stokoe which was designed specifically for ASL and only later adapted to other sign languages.
Unlike SignWriting
Sutton SignWriting, or simply SignWriting, is a system of written sign languages. It is highly featural and visually iconic: the shapes of the characters are abstract pictures of the hands, face, and body; and unlike most written words, which ...
and the Stokoe system, it is not intended as a practical writing system, and is mainly used to describe the nuances of a single sign. It's more like the International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation ...
in that regard. Both systems are meant for use by linguistics, and include details such as phonemes
A phoneme () is any set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages con ...
leading to long, complex segments.
The HamNoSys is not encoded in Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ...
. Computer processing is made possible by a font, which uses Private Use Area characters.
Use
HamNoSys can depict most sign languages, so the notation system is used internationally in research settings. Notable universities doing research with the writing system are major institutions in Finland, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Germany. HamNoSys was the original writing system used in the SiGML (Signing Gesture Mark-up Language). SiGML takesXML
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing data. It defines a set of rules for encoding electronic document, documents in a format that is both human-readable and Machine-r ...
representations of each symbol and creates a 3D rendering or an avatar.
Symbols and Features
The script includes almost 200 symbols and utilizes subscripts, superscripts, and diacritics. There are five categories of characters used in HamNoSys, which, when put together, describe a sign. A single sign is expressed by a series of symbols that contain various optional and required parameters in the order listed: # Symmetry Operator (Optional) is usually represented with two dots to signal both hands are used to do the sign or specify if the non-dominant hand is used. # Non-Manual Marker (NMM) (Optional) is an optional parameter to symbolize any facial or vocal actions that occur when using the sign, for example, pursing one's lips or raising eyebrows. Various symbols for handshapes with closed fists and extended fingers # Handshape describes the shape of the hand, for example, how many fingers should be extended to what, if any, degree the fingers should be bent, and the location of the thumb. The most common symbols used in this category contain an oval with lines to symbolize fingers extended, curved lines to describe how fingers should be bent (with corresponding numbers 1-5 to signify which finger), and any marks or breaks inside the oval can symbolize the distance between the fingers and palm.
# Hand orientation is also part of the same segment as (3). These show, for example, the palm orientation or direction the extended fingers are pointing. When discussing palm orientation, the symbols include narrow ovals with one thick side, that side facing different directions, in combination with small carrots signaling certain or more advanced angles, and pointing concerning something else.
# Hand location describes where one's hand is when signing compared to one's body. Some signs occur in front of the sternum or shoulders, while others at the chin or temple. Using symbols that often look like the body parts being described, locations of are marked by a black square placed in the feature's orientation.
# Movement (Optional) denotes any movement in the signs, like a finger pointing up then down or a sign traveling from left to right of the sternum. These are often complex, using symbols similar to those in hand orientation (4) with arrows and carrots, with lines that can symbolize straight, wavy, or circular movements. There are also characters like brackets or parentheses to separate sequential or unified movements.
References
University of Hamburg Sign language notation Writing systems introduced in 1984 1984 establishments in Germany 1980s in Hamburg Deaf culture in Germany {{writingsystem-stub