The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family

Halictidae Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees (clade Anthophila) with nearly 4,500 species. They are commonly called sweat bees (especially the smaller species), as they are often attracted to perspiration. Halictid species are an extremely div ...

. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined by humans as being in the same celestial sphere, celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the Solar ...

(a few species occur in

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

and

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

). Most species are black or dark brown, sometimes metallic greenish-tinted, with

apical Apical means "pertaining to an apex". It may refer to: *Apical ancestor, refers to the last common ancestor of an entire group, such as a species (biology) or a clan (anthropology) *Apical (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features loc ...

whitish

abdominal The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal ...

bands on the terga (the related genus ''

Lasioglossum The sweat bee genus ''Lasioglossum'' is the largest of all bee genera, containing over 1800 species in numerous subgenera worldwide.Gibbs, J., et al. (2012)Phylogeny of halictine bees supports a shared origin of eusociality for ''Halictus'' an ...

'', which is otherwise often similar in appearance, has the abdominal hair bands located basally, not apically). Many species in the genus are

eusocial Eusociality ( Greek 'good' and social) is the highest level of organization of sociality. It is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations wit ...

, with colony sizes ranging from very small (two to four bees) to large (>200). Nests are typically burrows in the soil, with several

ovoid An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas of mathematics (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.), it is given a more precise definition, which may inc ...

"cells" in which

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced Gametophyte#Heterospory, microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm ...

mixed with

nectar Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by Plant, plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollination, pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to an ...

is provided as food for the developing larvae; a single egg is laid on a pollen mass, and the cell is sealed. In a few species, the cells are arranged in clusters resembling a

honeycomb A honeycomb is a mass of Triangular prismatic honeycomb#Hexagonal prismatic honeycomb, hexagonal prismatic cells built from beeswax by honey bees in their beehive, nests to contain their brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and stores of honey and pol ...

, but constructed of soil rather than

beeswax Bee hive wax complex Beeswax (also known as cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus ''Apis''. The wax is formed into scales by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees, which discard it in o ...

. Like most ground-nesting bees, the brood cells are lined internally with a waterproofing secretion. A few species in the genus have extensive geographic distribution, such as ''

Halictus rubicundus ''Halictus rubicundus'', the orange-legged furrow bee, is a species of Halictidae, sweat bee found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. ''H. rubicundus'' entered North America from the Old World during one of two main invasions of ''Halictus'' su ...

'', which spans virtually the entire

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

region. Previously, ''

Halictus ligatus ''Halictus ligatus'' is a species of sweat bee from the family Halictidae, among the species that mine or burrow into the ground to create their nests. ''H. ligatus,'' like ''Lasioglossum zephyrus','' is a primitively eusocial bee species, in wh ...

'' was considered to range from

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

, including the Caribbean. However, genetic data show that there are at least three species previously considered within this one. One of them is restricted to Southeastern USA and the Caribbean, one is Central American, and true '' H. ligatus'' is found in northern and western North America. Common

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

an species include ''

Halictus quadricinctus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' and ''

Halictus sexcinctus ''Halictus sexcinctus'', commonly referred to as the six-banded furrow bee, is a species of sweat bee found throughout Europe and as far east as Asian Turkey and Iraq. The ''H. sexcinctus'' can be easily confused with the closely related species ...

'', as well as '' H. rubicundus''. ''H. rubicundus'' is solitary at high altitudes and latitudes but has eusocial colonies in warmer areas.

Species

Species within this genus include:IT IS Report
/ref> *''

Halictus acrocephalus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Blüthgen, 1926 *''

Halictus adjikenticus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Blüthgen, 1923 *''

Halictus aegypticola The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Strand, 1909 *''

Halictus aeneobrunneus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Pérez, 1895 *''

Halictus aerarius The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Smith, 1873 *''

Halictus aestuans The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Ebmer, 1978 *''

Halictus albozonatus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Dours, 1872 *'' Halictus alfkenellus'' Strand, 1909 *'' Halictus argilos'' Ebmer, 2005 *'' Halictus asperatus'' Bingham, 1898 *'' Halictus asperulus'' Pérez, 1895 *'' Halictus atripes'' Morawitz, 1893 *'' Halictus atroviridis'' Cameron, 1906 *'' Halictus bagirensis'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus balearicus'' Pérez, 1903 *'' Halictus berlandi'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus beytueschebapensis'' Warncke, 1984 *'' Halictus brunnescens'' (Eversmann, 1852) *'' Halictus bucharicus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus bulbiceps'' Blüthgen, 1929 *'' Halictus caelestis'' Ebmer, 1976 *'' Halictus carinthiacus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus centaureae'' Ebmer, 1985 *'' Halictus centrosus'' Vachal, 1910 *'' Halictus cephalicus'' Morawitz, 1873 *'' Halictus chalybaeus'' Friese, 1910 *'' Halictus clangulus'' Warncke, 1984 *'' Halictus cochlearitarsis'' Dours, 1872 *'' Halictus compressus'' (Walckenaer, 1802) *'' Halictus concinnus'' Brullé, 1840 *'' Halictus confusus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus consobrinus'' Pérez, 1895 *'' Halictus constantinensis'' Strand, 1910 *'' Halictus constrictus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus crenicornis'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus cupidus'' Vachal, 1902 *'' Halictus cyanellus'' (Pauly, 2008) *'' Halictus cypricus'' Blüthgen, 1937 *'' Halictus cyrenaicus'' Blüthgen, 1930 *'' Halictus desertorum'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus determinandus'' Dalla Torre, 1896 *'' Halictus diductus'' Cockerell, 1932 *'' Halictus dissidens'' Pérez, 1903 *'' Halictus dorni'' Ebmer, 1982 *'' Halictus dschulfensis'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus duplocinctus'' Vachal, 1902 *'' Halictus expertus'' Cockerell, 1916 *'' Halictus falcinellus'' Warncke, 1982 *'' Halictus farinosus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus fatsensis'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus ferreotus'' Fan, 1991 *'' Halictus fimbriatus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus foanus'' Vachal, 1899 *'' Halictus frontalis'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus fulvipes'' (Klug, 1817) *'' Halictus fumatipennis'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus funerarius'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus fuscicollis'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus gavarnicus'' Pérez, 1903 *'' Halictus gemmeus'' Dours, 1872 *'' Halictus georgicus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus gobiensis'' Ebmer, 1982 *'' Halictus gordius'' Warncke, 1975 *''

Halictus graecus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus grossellus'' Ebmer, 1978 *'' Halictus gruenwaldti'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus harmonius'' Sandhouse, 1941 *'' Halictus hedini'' Blüthgen, 1934 *'' Halictus hermon'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus hesperus'' Smith, 1862 *'' Halictus holomelaenus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus hotoni'' Vachal, 1903 *'' Halictus humkalensis'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus icarus'' Ebmer, 1978 *'' Halictus indefinitus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus inpilosus'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus intumescens'' Pérez, 1895 *'' Halictus iridicolor'' Cameron, 1905 *'' Halictus jaramielicus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus jucundus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus kessleri'' Bramson, 1879 *'' Halictus kuhlmanni'' (Pauly, 2008) *'' Halictus kuschkensis'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus kusdasi'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus lanei'' (Moure, 1940) *'' Halictus langobardicus'' Blüthgen, 1944 *'' Halictus laticephalus'' Warncke, 1984 *'' Halictus latisignatus'' Cameron, 1908 *'' Halictus leleji'' (Pesenko, 2006) *'' Halictus leucaheneus'' Ebmer, 1972 *''

'' Say, 1837 *''

Halictus lobatus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Ebmer, 1978 *'' Halictus lucidipennis'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus luganicus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus lussinicus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *''

Halictus lutescens The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Friese, 1921 *'' Halictus maculatus'' Smith, 1848 *'' Halictus magnus'' Ebmer, 1980 *'' Halictus mediterranellus'' Strand, 1909 *'' Halictus microcardia'' Pérez, 1896 *'' Halictus minor'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus modernus'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus mogrensis'' Cockerell, 1945 *'' Halictus mondaensis'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus mongolicus'' Morawitz, 1880 *'' Halictus monochromus'' Dalla Torre, 1896 *'' Halictus morawitzi'' Vachal, 1902 *'' Halictus mordacella'' Blüthgen, 1929 *'' Halictus mordax'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus mucidus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus mucoreus'' Eversmann, 1852 *'' Halictus mugodjaricus'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus multicarinatus'' Niu, Wu & Huang, 2004 *'' Halictus nadigi'' Blüthgen, 1934 *'' Halictus nasica'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus nicosiae'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus nigricutis'' Warncke, 1975 *'' Halictus nikolskayae'' (Pesenko, 2006) *'' Halictus nivalis'' Ebmer, 1985 *'' Halictus niveocinctulus'' Cockerell, 1940 *'' Halictus nuristanicus'' Pesenko, 2005 *'' Halictus ochropus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus opacoviridis'' Ebmer, 2005 *''

Halictus opulentus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Benoist, 1950 *''

Halictus orientalis The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Lepeletier, 1841 *'' Halictus palustris'' Morawitz, 1876 *'' Halictus parallelus'' Say, 1837 *'' Halictus paropamisos'' Ebmer, 1978 *''

Halictus patellatus The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Morawitz, 1873 *'' Halictus pentheri'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus persephone'' Ebmer, 1976 *'' Halictus petraeus'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus pici'' Pérez, 1895 *'' Halictus pinguismentus'' Janjic & Packer, 2001 *'' Halictus pjalmensis'' Strand, 1909 *'' Halictus placidulus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus poeyi'' Lepeletier, 1841 *'' Halictus pollinosus'' Sichel, 1860 *'' Halictus ponticus'' Blüthgen, 1934 *'' Halictus propinquus'' Smith, 1853 *'' Halictus pruinescens'' Cockerell, 1937 *'' Halictus pseudomucoreus'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus pseudotetrazonius'' Strand, 1921 *'' Halictus pseudovestitus'' Blüthgen, 1925 *'' Halictus pulvereus'' Morawitz, 1874 *'' Halictus pyrenaeus'' Pérez, 1903 *'' Halictus quadricinctoides'' Blüthgen, 1936 *''

'' (Fabricius, 1776) *'' Halictus quadripartitus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus radoszkowskii'' Vachal, 1902 *'' Halictus resurgens'' Nurse, 1903 *'' Halictus rossicus'' Ebmer, 1978 *''

'' (Christ, 1791) *'' Halictus rudolphae'' Pesenko, 1984 *'' Halictus rufipes'' (Fabricius, 1793) *'' Halictus sajoi'' Blüthgen, 1923 *''

Halictus scabiosae ''Halictus scabiosae'', the great banded furrow-bee, is a species of bee in the family Halictidae, the sweat bees. Distribution This species is present in most of Europe and in North Africa. Description The abdomen is long, with yellowish strip ...

'' (Rossi, 1790) *'' Halictus secundus'' Dalla Torre, 1896 *'' Halictus seladonius'' (Fabricius, 1794) *'' Halictus semitectus'' Morawitz, 1874 *'' Halictus semiticus'' Blüthgen, 1955 *'' Halictus senilis'' (Eversmann, 1852) *''

'' (Fabricius, 1775) *''

Halictus simplex The genus ''Halictus'' is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in Sou ...

'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus smaragdulus'' Vachal, 1895 *'' Halictus solitudinis'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus squamosus'' Lebedev, 1910 *'' Halictus stachii'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus subauratoides'' Blüthgen, 1926 *'' Halictus subauratus'' (Rossi, 1792) *'' Halictus submodernus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus subpetraeus'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus subsenilis'' Blüthgen, 1955 *'' Halictus surabadensis'' Ebmer, 1975 *'' Halictus takuiricus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus tectus'' Radoszkowski, 1875 *'' Halictus tetrazonianellus'' Strand, 1909 *'' Halictus tetrazonius'' (Klug, 1817) *'' Halictus tibetanus'' Blüthgen, 1926 *'' Halictus tibialis'' Walker, 1871 *'' Halictus togoensis'' Pauly, 1998 *'' Halictus transbaikalensis'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus tridivisus'' Blüthgen, 1923 *'' Halictus tripartitus'' Cockerell, 1895 *'' Halictus tsingtouensis'' Strand, 1910 *'' Halictus tuberculatus'' Blüthgen, 1925 *'' Halictus tumulorum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Halictus turanicus'' Morawitz, 1893 *'' Halictus turkmenorum'' Pesenko, 1984 *'' Halictus vansoni'' Cockerell, 1935 *'' Halictus varentzowi'' Morawitz, 1894 *'' Halictus verticalis'' Blüthgen, 1931 *'' Halictus vestitus'' Lepeletier, 1841 *'' Halictus vicinus'' Vachal, 1894 *'' Halictus virgatellus'' Cockerell, 1901 *'' Halictus wjernicus'' Blüthgen, 1936 *'' Halictus wollmanni'' Blüthgen, 1933 *'' Halictus xanthoprymnus'' Warncke, 1984 *'' Halictus yunnanicus'' Pesenko & Wu, 1997

References

* Michener, C.D. (2007). ''The Bees of the World''. 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.

External links

Halictus Identification GuideWorldwide Species Map
{{Authority control Bee genera Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille