''Hakka himeshimensis'' is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of the

spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ...

family

Salticidae Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family (biology), family Salticidae. , this family contained over 600 species description, described genus, genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spide ...

(

jumping spider Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family (biology), family Salticidae. , this family contained over 600 species description, described genus, genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spide ...

s). ''H. himeshimensis'' is native to East Asia, but it has been introduced to the United States. The species is most commonly found in rocky coastal habitats.Kaldari et al. 2011

Description

Both sexes have a body length of about 7 mm. The body and legs are uniformly dark brown. The body is covered with sparse lighter hairs. Between the eyes there are longer, reddish hairs that stand up diagonally. The

chelicerae The chelicerae () are the arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated ...

are brown and robust.Berry & Prószyński 2001

Distribution

''Hakka himeshimensis'' occurs in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...

, and the Eastern

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

. It is not clear if there is a viable population in Hawaii, or if the found specimens represent incidental recent arrivals (although three specimens were collected over a period of 74 years). It is likely that the species was accidentally introduced to the Eastern United States by maritime shipping.

Name

The genus name is derived from

Hakka The Hakka (), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese, or Hakka Chinese, or Hakkas, are a southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China ...

, a Chinese people with 70 million worldwide. Many members were brought to Hawaii as laborers on sugar cane plantations in the middle of the 19th century. This is probably a reference to the species' origin in Asia.

Footnotes

References

*Berry, James W. and Jerzy Prószyński (2001). "Description of ''Hakka'', a new genus of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Hawaii and east Asia". ''Journal of Arachnology'' 29(2): 201-204
Abstract

PDF
*Kaldari, Ryan, G. B. Edwards, and Richard K. Walton (2011)
"First records of Hakka (Araneae: Salticidae) in North America"
'' Peckhamia'' (94.1): 1–6.

External links

''Hakka himeshimensis''
at Worldwide database of jumping spiders
''Hakka himeshimensis'' video
at archive.org {{Taxonbar, from1=Q383816, from2=Q10516114 Salticidae Spiders of Asia Spiders described in 1906