Crambinae is a large

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

of the

lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

n family

Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies ...

, the crambid snout

moth Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...

s. It currently includes over 1,800

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

worldwide. The larvae are root feeders or stem borers, mostly on grasses. A few species are pests of sod grasses, maize, sugar cane, rice, and other Poaceae. The

monophyly In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent comm ...

of this group is supported by the structure of the

tympanal organ A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a tympanal membrane ( tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. Sounds vibrate the membrane, and the vibrations are s ...

s and the phallus attached medially to the

juxta In insect anatomy, the juxta is an organ in the males of most Lepidoptera (i.e. moths and butterflies) that supports the aedeagus, the organ used for reproduction in insects. The juxta is located between the two valvae. Juxta has also been use ...

, as well as genetic analyses. Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the

, some authorities treating them as a subfamily of the family

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyr ...

. If this is done, the present group would be demoted to

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

status, as Crambini.

Crambinae taxonomy

*tribe ''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' **''

Anaclastis ''Anaclastis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Anaclastis apicistrigellus'', which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales New South Wales (commonly ...

'' Turner, 1904 **''

Aphrophantis ''Aphrophantis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Aphrophantis velifera'', which is found on Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in th ...

'' Meyrick, 1933 **'' Argentochiloides'' Błeszyński, 1961 (= ''Argentochilo'' Błeszyński & Collins, 1962) **'' Australargyria'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Autarotis'' Meyrick, 1886 (= ''Pogonoptera'' Turner, 1911) **''

Batiana ''Batiana'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Batiana remotella'', which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a St ...

'' Walker, 1866 **'' Burmannia'' Bleszynski, 1965 **''

Catancyla ''Catancyla'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Catancyla brunnea'', which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of A ...

'' Hampson, 1919 **''

Catharylla ''Catharylla'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It has Neotropical distribution from Costa Rica to southern Brazil. Species *'' Catharylla bijuga'' T. Léger & B. Landry, 2014 *'' Catharylla chelicerata'' T. Léger & B. Landry, 2014 * ...

'' Zeller, 1863 **''

Charltona ''Charltona'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gras ...

'' Swinhoe, 1886 **''

Charltoniada ''Charltoniada'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on g ...

'' Strand, 1918 **''

Conocrambus ''Conocrambus'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gra ...

'' Hampson, 1919 (= ''Anaresca'' Turner, 1947) **''

Corynophora ''Corynophora'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gr ...

'' Berg, 1898 (= ''Halterophora'' Meyrick, 1897) **''

Cypholomia ''Cypholomia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gra ...

'' Meyrick, 1933 **''

Diadexia ''Diadexia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass ...

'' Turner, 1905 **''

Diploptalis ''Diploptalis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Diploptalis metallescens'', which is found in Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is s ...

'' Hampson, 1919 (= ''Diplotalis'' Błeszyński, 1963) **'' Diploschistis'' Meyrick, 1937 **'' Elethyia'' Ragonot in de Joannis & Ragonot, 1889 **'' Epina'' Walker, 1866 (= ''Diatraenopsis'' Dyar & Heinrich, 1927) **'' Eurhythma'' Turner, 1904 (= ''Eurythma'' Błeszyński & Collins, 1962) **'' Hemiplatytes'' Barnes & Benjamin, 1924 (= ''Alamogordia'' Dyar & Heinrich, 1927) **'' Hemiptocha'' Dognin, 1905 **'' Idioblasta'' Warren, 1891 **'' Japonichilo'' Okano, 1962 **''

Kupea ''Kupea'' is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in family Triuridaceae, native to tropical Africa. It contains the following species: * '' Kupea jonii'' Cheek – Ulanga District Ulanga District (Mahenge District) is one of the six distric ...

'' Philpott, 1930 **'' Libuna'' Moore, 1886 (= ''Bulina'' Walker, 1866) **'' Lyndia'' Savigny, 1816 **'' Maoricrambus'' Gaskin, 1975 **'' Mestolobes'' Butler, 1882 (= ''Promylaea'' Meyrick, 1899) **'' Metaeuchromius'' Błeszyński, 1960 (= ''Pseudeuchromius'' Błeszyński, 1965) **'' Micrelephas'' Dognin, 1905 **'' Microchilo'' Okano, 1962 **'' Micronix'' Amsel, 1956 **'' Microtalis'' Turner, 1911 **'' Neargyria'' Hampson, 1896 **'' Neargyrioides'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Nechilo'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Neobanepa'' Hampson, 1919 (= ''Pyralopsis'' Dognin, 1905) **'' Niveocatharylla'' Bassi, 1999 **'' Orthomecyna'' Butler, 1883 **'' Parancyla'' Hampson, 1919 **'' Paratraea'' Hampson, 1919 **'' Parerupa'' Hampson, 1919 (= ''Coenotalis'' Hampson, 1919) **'' Protyparcha'' Meyrick, 1909 **'' Pseudargyria'' Okano, 1962 **'' Pseudometachilo'' Błeszyński, 1962 **''

Ptochostola ''Ptochostola'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gr ...

'' Meyrick, 1882 **'' Roxita'' Błeszyński, 1963 (= ''Modestia'' Błeszyński, 1965) **'' Schoenobiodes'' Hampson, 1917 (= ''Stenopydna'' Roepke, 1943) **'' Sphaerodeltis'' Meyrick, 1933 **'' Styxon'' Błeszyński, 1962 **'' Thalamarchis'' Meyrick, 1897 **'' Tomissa'' Walker, 1864 **''

Tulla Tulla () is a market town in County Clare, Ireland. It is situated in the east of the county, on the R462 and near its junction with the R352, 18 km from Ennis. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name. Etymology Tu ...

'' Zimmerman, 1958 **'' Ubida'' Walker, 1863 (= ''Crunophila'' Meyrick, 1882) **''

Zacatecas Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Zacatecas, 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas City, Zacatec ...

'' Błeszyński, 1962 *tribe Ancylolomiini Ragonot, 1889 **''

Ancylolomia ''Ancylolomia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1825. Description Palpi porrect (stretched forward), thickly clothed with hair, and extending about three times the length of head. Maxillary palp triangul ...

'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Acylolomia'' Hampson, 1919, ''Jartheza'' Walker, 1863, ''Pseudoctenella'' Strand, 1907, ''Ctenus'' Mabille, 1906, ''Tollia'' Amsel, 1949) **''

Aurotalis ''Aurotalis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, with the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on gras ...

'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Eufernaldia'' Hulst, 1900 **'' Mesolia'' Ragonot in de Joannis & Ragonot, 1889 (= ''Deuterolia'' Dyar, 1914, ''Eugrotea'' Fernald, 1896, ''Euparolia'' Dyar, 1914, ''Masolia'' Hampson, 1919) **'' Prionapteron'' Błeszyński, 1965 **'' Prionapteryx'' Stephens, 1834 (= ''Alloea'' Turner, 1947, ''Calarina'' Walker, 1866, ''Hypotomorpha'' Rebel, 1892, ''Nuarace'' Walker, 1863, ''Naurace'' Błeszyński & Collins, 1962, ''Pindicitora'' Walker, 1863, ''Pindicitra'' Shibuya, 1928, ''Platytesia'' Strand, 1918, ''Prionopteryx'' Zeller, 1863) **'' Prionotalis'' Hampson, 1919 **'' Pseudoschoenobius'' Fernald, 1891 **''

Surattha ''Surattha'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was synonymized with ''Prionapteryx'' by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1967. Its status was later revised by Graziano Bassi and Wolfram Mey in 2011. Description Its palpi are porre ...

'' Walker, 1863 **'' Talis'' Guenée, 1845 (= ''Drasa'' Kapur, 1950, ''Prosmixis'' Zeller, 1846, ''Tulis'' Pagenstecher, 1909) **'' Zovax'' Błeszyński, 1962 *tribe Argyriini Munroe, 1995 **''

Argyria Argyria or argyrosis is a condition caused by excessive exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or silver dust. The most dramatic symptom of argyria is that the skin turns blue or blue-gray, and is usually most prominent in sun-ex ...

'' Hübner, 1818 **''

Urola The Urola is a river and valley in Gipuzkoa, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. The river is only 55 kilometres in length, and runs from headwaters in the Aizkorri Mountains, near the town of Legazpi to its outflow into the Cantabrian Sea ...

'' Walker, 1863 **'' Vaxi'' Błeszyński, 1962 *tribe Calamotrophini Gaskin, 1988 **'' Calamotropha'' Zeller, 1863 (= ''Aurelianus'' Błeszyński, 1962, ''Myeza'' Walker, 1863) **'' Chrysocatharylla'' Bassi, 1999 **'' Classeya'' Błeszyński, 1960 **'' Pseudocatharylla'' Błeszyński, 1961 **'' Pseudoclasseya'' Błeszyński, 1964 *tribe Chiloini Heinemann, 1865 **'' Chilandrus'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Chilo'' Zincken, 1817 (= ''Borer'' Guenée, 1862, ''Chilona'' Sodoffsky, 1837, ''Chilotraea'' Kapur, 1950, ''Diphryx'' Grote, 1881, ''Hypiesta'' Hampson, 1919, ''Nephalia'' Turner, 1911, ''Silveria'' Dyar, 1925) **'' Chiqua'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Diatraea'' Guilding, 1828 (= ''Crambidiatraea'' Box & Capps, 1955, ''Diaraetria'' Grote, 1882, ''Diatraerupa'' Schaus, 1913, ''Diatrea'' Guilding, 1828, ''Eodiatraea'' Box, 1953, ''Iesta'' Dyar, 1909, ''Trinidadia'' Dyar & Heinrich, 1927, ''Zeadiatraea'' Box, 1955) **'' Eschata'' Walker, 1856 (= ''Chaerecla'' Walker, 1865) **'' Gadira'' Walker, 1866 (= ''Cryptomima'' Meyrick, 1882, ''Scenoploca'' Meyrick, 1882) **'' Hednota'' Meyrick, 1886 **'' Leonardo'' Błeszyński, 1965 **'' Malgasochilo'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Myelobia'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (= ''Chilopsis'' Hampson, 1919, ''Doratoperas'' Hampson, 1896, ''Protaphomia'' Meyrick, 1936, ''Xanthopherne'' Dyar & Heinrich, 1927) **'' Tauroscopa'' Meyrick, 1888 (= ''Oressaula'' Turner, 1913) *tribe Crambini Latreille, 1810 **'' Agriphila'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Agrophila'' J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, ''Alisa'' Ganev & Hacker, 1984) **''

Agriphiloides ''Agriphiloides'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Agriphiloides longipalpellus'', which is found in Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the East ...

'' Błeszyński, 1965 **'' Almita'' B. Landry, 1995 **'' Alphacrambus'' Bassi, 1995 **'' Amselia'' Błeszyński, 1959 **'' Angustalius'' Marion, 1954 (= ''Bleszynskia'' Lattin, 1961, ''Crambopsis'' Lattin, 1952) **''

Arequipa Arequipa (; Aymara language, Aymara and ), also known by its nicknames of ''Ciudad Blanca'' (Spanish for "White City") and ''León del Sur'' (Spanish for "South's Lion"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous Arequipa (province), ...

'' Walker, 1863 **'' Aureocramboides'' Błeszyński, 1961 **'' Bassiknysna'' Kemal & Kocak, 2005 (= ''Knysna'' Bassi, 1999) **'' Caffrocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1961 (= ''Anomocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1961, ''Caffocrambus'' Bassi, 1994) **'' Catoptria'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Exoria'' Hübner, 1825, ''Tetrachila'' Hübner, 1806) **'' Cervicrambus'' Błeszyński, 1966 **'' Chrysocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1957 (= ''Chrysocramboides'' Błeszyński, 1957) **'' Chrysoteuchia'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Amphibolia'' Snellen, 1884, ''Veronese'' Błeszyński, 1962) **'' Conocramboides'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Crambixon'' Błeszyński, 1965 **'' Crambus'' Fabricius, 1798 (= ''Argyroteuchia'' Hübner, 1825, ''Chilus'' Billberg, 1820, ''Palparia'' Haworth, 1811, ''Tetrachila'' Hübner, 1822) **'' Culladia'' Moore, 1886 (= ''Araxes'' Walker, 1863, ''Crambidion'' Mabille, 1900, ''Nirmaladia'' Rose, 1983) **'' Culladiella'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Dimorphocrambus'' Gibeaux, 1987 **'' Epichilo'' Ragonot in de Joannis & Ragonot, 1889 **'' Fernandocrambus'' Aurivillius, 1922 (= ''Juania'' Aurivillius, 1922, ''Juanita'' Munroe, 1995) **'' Fissicrambus'' Błeszyński, 1963 **'' Flavocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1959 **'' Haplopediasia'' Błeszyński, 1963 **'' Haploplatytes'' Błeszyński, 1966 **'' Japonicrambus'' Okano, 1962 **'' La'' Błeszyński, 1966 **'' Loxocrambus'' Forbes, 1920 **'' Mesocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1957 **'' Mesopediasia'' Błeszyński, 1963 **'' Metacrambus'' Błeszyński, 1957 **'' Microcramboides'' Błeszyński, 1967 **'' Microcrambon'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Microcrambus'' Błeszyński, 1963 **'' Miraxis'' Błeszyński, 1962 **'' Miyakea'' Marumo, 1933 **'' Neocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1957 **'' Neoculladia'' Błeszyński, 1967 **'' Neodactria'' B. Landry, 1995 **'' Neopediasia'' Okano, 1962 **'' Novocrambus'' Amsel, 1956 **'' Orocrambus'' Purdie, 1884 (= ''Orocrambus'' Meyrick, 1885) **'' Parapediasia'' Błeszyński, 1966 (''Parapediasia'' Błeszyński, 1963) **'' Paraplatytes'' Błeszyński, 1965 **'' Pediasia'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Carvanca'' Walker, 1856, ''Oseriates'' Fazekas, 1991, ''Pseudopediasia'' Ganev, 1987) **'' Platytes'' Guenée, 1845 (= ''Nagahama'' Marumo, 1933) **'' Precaffrocrambus'' Bassi, 2002 **'' Productalius'' Marion, 1954 **'' Pseudopediasia'' Błeszyński, 1963 **'' Raphiptera'' Hampson, 1896 **'' Sebrus'' Błeszyński, 1970 **'' Sericocrambus'' Wallengren, 1861 **'' Supercrambus'' Błeszyński, 1967 **'' Tawhitia'' Philpott, 1931 (= ''Velasquez'' Błeszyński, 1962) **'' Tehama'' Hulst, 1888 **'' Thaumatopsis'' Morrison, 1874 (= ''Propexus'' Grote, 1880) **'' Thisanotia'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Thinasotia'' Heinemann, 1865, ''Thysanotia'' J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847) **'' Tortriculladia'' Błeszyński, 1967 **'' Xanthocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1957 (= ''Xanthocrambus'' Błeszyński, 1955) *tribe Diptychophorini Gaskin, 1972 **'' Cleoeromene'' Gaskin, 1986 **'' Diptychophora'' Zeller, 1866 (= ''Colimaea'' Dyar, 1925, ''Colimea'' Błeszyński, 1966, ''Mysticomima'' Meyrick, 1931, ''Scissolia'' Barnes & McDunnough, 1914) **'' Gargela'' Walker, 1864 (= ''Mixophyla'' Meyrick, 1887, ''Angonia'' Snellen, 1893, ''Mixophila'' Hampson, 1896) **'' Glaucocharis'' Meyrick, 1938 (= ''Pagmania'' Amsel, 1961, ''Pareromene'' Osthelder, 1941, ''Ditomoptera'' Hampson, 1893) **'' Incaeromene'' Gaskin, 1986 **'' Neoeromene'' Gaskin, 1986 **'' Peniculimius'' Schouten, 1994 **'' Steneromene'' Gaskin, 1986 **'' Tamsica'' Zimmerman, 1958 *tribe Euchromiini Léger, Landry & Nuss, 2019 **'' Euchromius'' Guenée, 1845 (= ''Eromene'' Hübner, 1825, ''Ommatopteryx'' Kirby, 1897, ''Pseudoancylolomia'' Ahmad, Zaidi & Kamaluddin, 1982) *tribe Haimbachiini B. Landry, 1995 **'' Achilo'' Amsel, 1957 (= ''Chilopsis'' Amsel, 1956) **'' Bissetia'' Kapur, 1950 (= ''Girdharia'' Kapur, 1950) **'' Coniesta'' Hampson, 1919 **'' Donacoscaptes'' Zeller, 1877 **''

Eoreuma ''Eoreuma'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Eoreuma arenella'' A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1983 *''Eoreuma callista'' Klots, 1970 *''Eoreuma confederata'' Klots, 1970 *''Eoreuma crawfordi'' Klots, 1970 *''Eoreuma densellus'' ...

'' Ely, 1910 **'' Friedlanderia'' Agnew, 1987 (= ''Chiloides'' Amsel, 1949, ''Chiloides'' Błeszyński, 1963) **'' Haimbachia'' Dyar, 1909 **'' Neogirdharia'' Song & Chen in Chen, Song & Yuan, 2004 **'' Occidentalia'' Dyar & Heinrich, 1927 **'' Pseudobissetia'' Błeszyński, 1959 **''

Thopeutis ''Thopeutis'' is a grass moth genus (family Crambidae) of subfamily Crambinae, tribe Haimbachiini. Some authors have placed it in the snout moth The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family (biology), ...

'' Hübner, 1818 (= ''Cephis'' Ragonot in Staudinger, 1892, ''Hombergia'' de Joannis, 1910, ''Stenochilo'' Hampson, 1896, ''Tetrachila'' Hübner, 1808, ''Topeutis'' Hübner, 1825) **'' Xubida'' Schaus, 1922

Former genera

*'' Araxates'' Ragonot in de Joannis & Ragonot, 1889 *'' Charitopepla'' Meyrick, 1933 *'' Neerupa'' Hampson, 1919 *'' Loxophantis'' Meyrick, 1935 *'' Welaka'' Hulst, 1888

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q149407 Crambidae Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille Moth subfamilies

Crambinae taxonomy

Former genera

See also

References