Haigerloch () is a town in the north-western part of the Swabian Alb in

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Geography

Geographical location

Haigerloch lies at between 430 and 550 metres elevation in the valley of the Eyach river, which forms two loops in a steep shelly limestone valley. The town is therefore also called the 'Felsenstädtchen' (rocky/cliffy small town).

Neighbouring municipalities

Haigerloch's neighbouring municipalities are specified below in clockwise order from the north, and belong to the

Zollernalbkreis The Zollernalbkreis () is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The district is located in the Swabian Alb, and contains the second highest elevation of this range, the high '' Oberhohenberg''. In the south-e ...

unless indicated. Starzach ¹, Rangendingen, Grosselfingen, Balingen, Geislingen, Rosenfeld,

Sulz am Neckar Sulz am Neckar is a town in the Rottweil (district), district of Rottweil, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Neckar, 22 km north of Rottweil, and 19 km southeast of Freudenstadt. Sulz am Neckar came in the poss ...

², Empfingen ³ and Horb am Neckar ³.
¹ Landkreis Tübingen, ² Landkreis Rottweil, ³ Landkreis Freudenstadt

Districts

Haigerloch consists of the following nine districts: * Bad Imnau * Bittelbronn * Gruol * Hart * Haigerloch * Owingen * Stetten * Trillfingen * Weildorf It is located 397 m above mean sea level and has 572 inhabitants (31 December 2011). Bad Imnau was incorporated on 1 August 1973 town Haigerloch.

History

The city came in 1381 with the reign Haigerloch to the Habsburgs, the fief passed it in the 15th century to the lords of Weitingen. In 1516 Imnau was sold to the Count of Zollern. Imnau had inhabitants: *1824 440, *1836 591 *1890 507

Mineral resources

In 1700, the physician Samuel Caspar discovered small pots source in the valley of the Eyach. 1733 Prince source was exposed, which is named after Prince Joseph Friedrich von Hohenzollern. In 1905, the Apollo-source was taken in by the family Imnau Pope, which was sold to Commerce Carl Haegele in the following year.

History

The first documented mention of Haigerloch was in the year 1095 on the occasion of the gift of the local castle. This castle was probably located in the area around the Upper Town. By 1200 the Counts of Hohenberg appeared as the local lords and built a new castle on the Schlossberg. The lower town evolved into a market town. Rudolf I, a brother-in-law of Albert II Von Hohenberg-Haigerloch, awarded the town charter to Haigerloch before 1231. In 1268 a battle was fought just outside the city between Zollern and Hohenberg. In 1291 the city was besieged by Count Eberhard I of Württemberg; in 1347 the town was besieged again. From 1356 onward the upper town and lower town were administratively separated but were reunited when the lordship of Haigerloch was sold to Austria in 1381. The Habsburgs pawned the property on several occasions, including to the Counts of Württemberg. In 1487 rule of the city fell to the Hohenzollern. In 1567 under Christoph von Hohenzollern-Haigerloch the area around Haigerloch was an independent territory within the area of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

as ''Hohenzollern-Haigerloch''. In this period, the present castle complex was built on the Schlossberg as the residence of the counts of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, replacing the former high-medieval structure. In 1634 rule of the city descended to the line of ''Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen'', whose residence city was the city of Haigerloch between 1737 and 1769. In the last months of

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Haigerloch was the location of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, part of the German nuclear programme, which had the goal of achieving practical use of

nuclear fission Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactiv ...

. According to contemporary views, the

atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear weapon), producing a nuclear expl ...

was not a direct objective of this work, but initially only the construction of the

Haigerloch research reactor The Haigerloch research reactor was a German nuclear research facility. It was built in a rock cellar in Hohenzollernsche Lande, Hohenzollerischen Lande, Haigerloch early in 1945 as part of the German nuclear program during World War II. In this ...

, which was constructed in a beer cellar beneath the palace church. Through courageous negotiations by the pastor to rescue the reactor facility it was spared from demolition by an American command on April 24, 1945, and today is the site of the ' with a replica of the reactor.

Politics

Local council

In the local council election of 13 June 2004, the result was: * CDU - 15 seats * FWV - 9 seats * Social Ecologist List - 4 seats

Culture and objects of interest

Haigerloch lies on the Ferienstraße (holiday road) and on the Hohenzollernstraße.

Museums

* (atomic cellar museum), former research reactor during

* , former synagogue

Notable buildings

* Atomic cellar in the rock under the castle church * Roman tower (Römerturm) * Lower part of town church * * Former synagogue

Partnerships between cities

* Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France *

Sokobanja Sokobanja ( sr-cyr, Сокобања, ) is a spa town and municipality located in the Zaječar District of the eastern Serbia. As of 2022, the population of the town is 7,188, while population of the municipality is 13,199. Geography Sokobanja ...

, Serbia

Economics and infrastructure

Roads

The L410 connects the city with Rangendingen to the east. The L360 forms the feeder, along with the federal highway B463, to the A81 motorway.

Local industry

One of the few

rock salt Halite ( ), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride ( Na Cl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pi ...

mines still active in Germany is in the Stetten quarter. Salt has been extracted here since 1854.Mine
/ref>

Notable people

* Salomon Schweigger (1551–1622), evangelic parson and traveller to the Orient * Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1552–1592), first Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch * Johann Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1586–1620), second Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch * Charles, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (1588–1634), third Earl of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch * Franz Christoph Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1699–1767), Canon, First Minister of the Electorate of Cologne * (1718–1782), architect of the late Baroque * (1807–1876), conductor, choirmaster and composer * Father Desiderius Lenz, born Peter Lenz (1832–1928), painter and founder of the Beuron School of Art * (1877–1944), born in Weildorf, politician (center), member of the Reichstag * (1886–1931), writer * Karl Hurm (1930–2019), painter

References

* This is a translation of the German wiki page :de:Haigerloch

External links

* {{Authority control Nuclear program of Nazi Germany